scholarly journals What reduces prejudice in the real world? A meta-analysis of prejudice reduction field experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsieh ◽  
Nicholas Faulkner ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
What Works

Despite advances to promote acceptance and equity in many countries, prejudice remains a significant social problem. Promoting intergroup harmony requires knowledge about what works to reduce prejudice in community settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis of field experiments undertaken since 2009 reveals the most effective intervention types and conditions for reducing negative attitudes towards minority groups in real-world settings. Across 34 intervention arms and 7522 participants, results reveal that prejudice reduction interventions are effective at improving attitudes towards minority groups in real world settings (SMD = 0.37, [0.19; 0.56] 95 per cent confidence interval). Subgroup analyses indicate that some of the less commonly explored approaches, such as perceived variability and perspective taking, may have larger effect sizes than those using contact-based interventions. Additionally, results show that interventions are more effective for primary and secondary students than other groups, and further, the effect of prejudice reduction interventions endures over time.

Discrimination of Black and Muslim Minority Groups in Western Societies: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110450
Author(s):  
Lex Thijssen ◽  
Frank van Tubergen ◽  
Marcel Coenders ◽  
Robert Hellpap ◽  
Suzanne Jak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article examines discrimination against black and Muslim minority groups in 20 Western labor markets. We analyze the outcomes of 94 field experiments, conducted between 1973 and 2016 and representing ∼240,000 fictitious job applications. Using meta-analysis, we find that black minority groups are more strongly discriminated against than non-black minority groups. The degree of discrimination of black minority groups varies cross-nationally, whereas Muslim minority groups are equally discriminated across national contexts. Unexpectedly, discrimination against black minority groups in the United States is mostly lower than in European countries. These findings suggest that racial–ethnic discrimination in hiring can be better understood by taking a multigroup and cross-country perspective.

Safety and efficacy of direct acting oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation – a network meta-analysis of real-world data

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Hirschl ◽  
Michael Kundi
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Event Rates

Abstract. Background: In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) showed a superior risk-benefit profile in comparison to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Patients enrolled in such studies do not necessarily reflect the whole target population treated in real-world practice. Materials and methods: By a systematic literature search, 88 studies including 3,351,628 patients providing over 2.9 million patient-years of follow-up were identified. Hazard ratios and event-rates for the main efficacy and safety outcomes were extracted and the results for DOACs and VKAs combined by network meta-analysis. In addition, meta-regression was performed to identify factors responsible for heterogeneity across studies. Results: For stroke and systemic embolism as well as for major bleeding and intracranial bleeding real-world studies gave virtually the same result as RCTs with higher efficacy and lower major bleeding risk (for dabigatran and apixaban) and lower risk of intracranial bleeding (all DOACs) compared to VKAs. Results for gastrointestinal bleeding were consistently better for DOACs and hazard ratios of myocardial infarction were significantly lower in real-world for dabigatran and apixaban compared to RCTs. By a ranking analysis we found that apixaban is the safest anticoagulant drug, while rivaroxaban closely followed by dabigatran are the most efficacious. Risk of bias and heterogeneity was assessed and had little impact on the overall results. Analysis of effect modification could guide the clinical decision as no single DOAC was superior/inferior to the others under all conditions. Conclusions: DOACs were at least as efficacious as VKAs. In terms of safety endpoints, DOACs performed better under real-world conditions than in RCTs. The current real-world data showed that differences in efficacy and safety, despite generally low event rates, exist between DOACs. Knowledge about these differences in performance can contribute to a more personalized medicine.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Perspective taking with real world targets: Similarity moderates the use of projection and stereotyping

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Alexandra Karnell ◽  
Charles Burgess ◽  
Arthur Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Perspective Taking

Trait perspective taking and romantic relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. Cahill ◽  
John M. Malouff ◽  
Callie W. Little ◽  
Nicola S. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Romantic Relationship Satisfaction

Effectiveness of psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth - a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Moltrecht ◽  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
Julian Childs
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
What Works ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Research investigating the role of emotion regulation (ER) in the development and treatment of psychopathology has increased in recent years. Evidence suggests that an increased focus on ER in treatment can improve existing interventions. Most ER research has neglected young people, therefore the present meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for existing psychosocial intervention and their effectiveness to improve ER in youth. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-one randomized-control-trials (RCTs) assessed changes in ER following a psychological intervention in youth exhibiting various psychopathological symptoms.Results: We found moderate effect sizes for current interventions to decrease emotion dysregulation in youth (g=-.46) and small effect sizes to improve emotion regulation (g=0.36). Significant differences between studies including intervention components, ER measures and populations studied resulted in large heterogeneity. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth. The results suggest that interventions can enhance ER in youth, and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology. More RCTs including larger sample sizes, different age groups and psychopathologies are needed to increase our understanding of what works for who and when.

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