Leaf trait co‐variation and trade‐offs in gallery forest C 3 and CAM epiphytes

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Paula Oliveira ◽  
Gerhard Zotz ◽  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
Augusto Cesar Franco
Keyword(s):  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forest C

scholarly journals Forest carbon management and carbon trading: A review of Canadian forest options for climate change mitigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Golden ◽  
M.A. Smith ◽  
Stephen Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Forest C

Forests have significant potential to mitigate climate change. Canada has 30% of the world's boreal forests. The ratification of the Kyoto Protocol commoditized carbon (C) on an international scale. To achieve Canada's emission reduction targets and mitigate climate change, the potential of forest C offset projects and forest C trading is being evaluated. Carbon trading and forest C management have economic and policy implications and potential trade-offs in other forest management objectives. We discuss how forest C management and trading can contribute to global efforts for atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions reduction through either utilization and/or conservation strategies.

Surviving in semi-arid environments: functional coordination and trade-offs in shrubs from Argentina

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Delbón ◽  
Lucía V. Castello ◽  
Alejandro Rios-Villamil ◽  
María T. Cosa ◽  
Laura Stiefkens
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Wood Traits

Abstract Human action has led to an increase in aridification, making water a progressively scarcer resource. In angiosperms, different species resolve this challenge in diverse ways, mainly through modifications of the xylem network, which is responsible for water efficiency and safety. Xerophytes generally show similar characteristics, but exceptions are rather frequent. One possible explanation for this lack of similarity among cohabiting species is that trade-offs and/or functional coordination between their organs occur and shape alternative survival strategies. Studying species that inhabit a common area can help to identify key traits that determine those diverse strategies and to predict which species might tolerate further environmental change. We here examined the morpho-anatomical wood and bark traits of a group of species that live in a seasonally dry environment in Argentina. In a previous study, we described the leaf traits of these species and we thus aim to complement our findings and outline their strategies to manage water deficits. Our results show that there are different degrees of xeromorphism within this group. Clear xeromorphic traits, such as high vessel frequency and small diameter, were found in most species. However, some presented traits that were appropriate for mesic environments. An overview of leaf and wood traits indicates that the absence of a typical xeric characteristic in the wood might be compensated by the presence of a xeric leaf trait, and vice versa. Collectively, these trait combinations allow these species to survive in dry conditions and could influence their tolerance to increasing aridity.

scholarly journals Article Variation and Tradeoff of Leaf Traits of Karst Shrub in Southwest China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhigang zou ◽  
Fuping Zeng ◽  
Zhaoxia Zeng ◽  
Jianxiong Liao ◽  
Hu Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Long-term droughts were found to have guided the environmental selection ofshrub plant characteristics in a karst region of China, as the plants were found to have developed a set of leaf trait combinations,includinga small specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area (LA), and large leaf dry matter content (LDMC), that are known to be suitable for drought environments.Leaf traits of plants are not only the intuitive and operable taxonomic traits in plant taxonomy, but also reflect the responses and adaptations of plants to their habitats. This is helpful when trying to understand the role of environmental screening and when filtering plant functional traits. The objective of this investigation was to determine the leaf trait variations, adaptations, and patterns in the shrubs from a karst region in China.Weinvestigated 11 leaf traits to quantify the variations in their trade-offs and the trait–habitat /species relationships for the shrubs at theHuanjiang karst ecosystem observation and research station, China, using multivariate analyses.There were significant intraspecific and interspecific changes in the leaf traits ofthe shrub plants, and there were differences among the traits. Except for carbonmass, nitrogenarea, and phosphorousarea, the interspecific variations of the leaf traits were generally higher than the interspecific variation. The correlation between the leaf traits in the karst shrubs was also significant. Species differences had a higher explanatory degree for the leaf traits than topography or soil nutrients. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding of the variations in leaf traits in the karst shrubregions and the adaptative strategies of the plants in degraded habitats.Furthermore, these results may provide scientific information to help guide vegetation recovery programs in the karst region of southwest China.

scholarly journals Large-scale climatic and geophysical controls on the leaf economics spectrum

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (28) ◽  
pp. E4043-E4051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Asner ◽  
David E. Knapp ◽  
Christopher B. Anderson ◽  
Roberta E. Martin ◽  
Nicholas Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Leaf Economics Spectrum ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Airborne Imaging ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data ◽  
Leaf Economics

Leaf economics spectrum (LES) theory suggests a universal trade-off between resource acquisition and storage strategies in plants, expressed in relationships between foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), leaf mass per area (LMA), and photosynthesis. However, how environmental conditions mediate LES trait interrelationships, particularly at large biospheric scales, remains unknown because of a lack of spatially explicit data, which ultimately limits our understanding of ecosystem processes, such as primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles. We used airborne imaging spectroscopy and geospatial modeling to generate, to our knowledge, the first biospheric maps of LES traits, here centered on 76 million ha of Andean and Amazonian forest, to assess climatic and geophysical determinants of LES traits and their interrelationships. Elevation and substrate were codominant drivers of leaf trait distributions. Multiple additional climatic and geophysical factors were secondary determinants of plant traits. Anticorrelations between N and LMA followed general LES theory, but topo-edaphic conditions strongly mediated and, at times, eliminated this classic relationship. We found no evidence for simple P–LMA or N–P trade-offs in forest canopies; rather, we mapped a continuum of N–P–LMA interactions that are sensitive to elevation and temperature. Our results reveal nested climatic and geophysical filtering of LES traits and their interrelationships, with important implications for predictions of forest productivity and acclimation to rapid climate change.

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

Traits and trade-offs are insufficient for evolutionary personality psychology.

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Melanie S. Sheldon ◽  
Charles P. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Trade Offs

Biomechanical trade-offs in manual material handling: Some tasks reduce lumbar loading but increase thoracic loading

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Lee ◽  
Ellen L. Lee ◽  
Wilson C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
Trade Offs

Trade-offs Between Economic and Social Goals

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Arora ◽  
David H. Krantz ◽  
David Hardisty ◽  
Nicole Peterson ◽  
Kavita Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Goals ◽  
Trade Offs
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