Disentangling the Respective Contribution of Task Selection and Task Execution to Self‐Directed Cognitive Control Development

Abstract. Dynamic, trial-by-trial modulations of inhibitory control are well documented in adults but rarely investigated in children. Here, we examined whether 5-to-7 year-old children, an age range when inhibitory control is still partially immature, achieve such modulations. Fifty three children took flanker, Simon, and Stroop tasks. Above and beyond classic congruency effects, the present results showed two crucial findings. First, we found evidence for sequential modulations of congruency effects in these young children in the three conflict tasks. Second, our results showed both task specificities and task commonalities. These findings in young children have important implications as they suggest that, to be modulated, inhibitory control does not require full maturation and that the precise pattern of trial-by-trial modulations may depend on the nature of conflict.

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The Role of Attention Networks in Task Selection and Task Performance in Voluntary Task Switching

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527312012-013 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine M. Arrington ◽

Melissa M. Yates

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Task Switching ◽

Task Selection ◽

Attention Networks ◽

Voluntary Task Switching ◽

And Task

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Space, object, and task selection

Attention Perception & Psychophysics ◽

10.3758/app.71.5.995 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 995-1014 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joel Lachter ◽

Roger W. Remington ◽

Eric Ruthruff

Keyword(s):

Space Object ◽

Task Selection ◽

And Task

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Contributions of Brain Function and Structure to Three Different Domains of Cognitive Control in Normal Aging

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01685 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Jenny R. Rieck ◽

Giulia Baracchini ◽

Cheryl L. Grady

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Task Performance ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Diffusion Imaging ◽

Normal Aging ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

And Task

Cognitive control involves the flexible allocation of mental resources during goal-directed behavior and comprises three correlated but distinct domains—inhibition, shifting, and working memory. The work of Don Stuss and others has demonstrated that frontal and parietal cortices are crucial to cognitive control, particularly in normal aging, which is characterized by reduced control mechanisms. However, the structure–function relationships specific to each domain and subsequent impact on performance are not well understood. In the current study, we examined both age and individual differences in functional activity associated with core domains of cognitive control in relation to fronto-parietal structure and task performance. Participants ( N = 140, aged 20–86 years) completed three fMRI tasks: go/no-go (inhibition), task switching (shifting), and n-back (working memory), in addition to structural and diffusion imaging. All three tasks engaged a common set of fronto-parietal regions; however, the contributions of age, brain structure, and task performance to functional activity were unique to each domain. Aging was associated with differences in functional activity for all tasks, largely in regions outside common fronto-parietal control regions. Shifting and inhibition showed greater contributions of structure to overall decreases in brain activity, suggesting that more intact fronto-parietal structure may serve as a scaffold for efficient functional response. Working memory showed no contribution of structure to functional activity but had strong effects of age and task performance. Together, these results provide a comprehensive and novel examination of the joint contributions of aging, performance, and brain structure to functional activity across multiple domains of cognitive control.

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Manipulation and Task Execution by Humanoids

Humanoid Robotics: A Reference ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-6046-2_31 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1633-1655

Author(s):

Kensuke Harada ◽

Máximo A. Roa

Keyword(s):

Task Execution ◽

And Task

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An Efficient Technique for Virtual Machine Clustering and Communications Using Task-Based Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2021/5586521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

C. Saravanakumar ◽

M. Geetha ◽

S. Manoj Kumar ◽

S. Manikandan ◽

C. Arun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Virtual Machine ◽

High Availability ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Task Execution ◽

User Tasks ◽

Cloud User ◽

Computing Models ◽

Bucket Size ◽

And Task

Cloud computing models use virtual machine (VM) clusters for protecting resources from failure with backup capability. Cloud user tasks are scheduled by selecting suitable resources for executing the task in the VM cluster. Existing VM clustering processes suffer from issues like preconfiguration, downtime, complex backup process, and disaster management. VM infrastructure provides the high availability resources with dynamic and on-demand configuration. The proposed methodology supports VM clustering process to place and allocate VM based on the requesting task size with bandwidth level to enhance the efficiency and availability. The proposed clustering process is classified as preclustering and postclustering based on the migration. Task and bandwidth classification process classifies tasks with adequate bandwidth for execution in a VM cluster. The mapping of bandwidth to VM is done based on the availability of the VM in the cluster. The VM clustering process uses different performance parameters like lifetime of VM, utilization of VM, bucket size, and task execution time. The main objective of the proposed VM clustering is that it maps the task with suitable VM with bandwidth for achieving high availability and reliability. It reduces task execution and allocated time when compared to existing algorithms.

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In-Lecture Media Use and Academic Performance: Investigating Demographic and Intentional Moderators

South African Computer Journal ◽

10.18489/sacj.v30i1.434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Douglas A. Parry ◽

Daniel B. Le Roux

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

University Students ◽

Digital Media ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Media Use ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Task Execution ◽

Communication Processes ◽

Undergraduate University Students ◽

And Task

The growing prevalence of continuous media use among university students in lecture environments has potential for detrimental effects. In this study we investigate the relationships between in-lecture media use and academic performance. Previous studies have shown that students frequently engage with digital media whilst in university lectures. Moreover, multitasking imposes cognitive costs detrimental to learning and task execution. We propose, accordingly, that the constant distractions created by digital media, interrupt the thought and communication processes of students during lectures and, subsequently, obstruct their ability to learn. To test this proposition we conducted a survey-based empirical investigation of digital media use and academic performance among undergraduate university students. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of in-lecture media use instances and academic performance. Furthermore, this effect was found to be pervasive independent of individual demographic factors and the intention with which a medium was used.

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