Single Sensor Compressive Light Field Video Camera

We propose a novel method to synthesize high-resolution images from image sequences taken with a moving video camera. Each frame in the image sequence is a part of the photographed object. Our method integrates these frames to generate high-resolution images of object by constructing a light field, which is quite different from general mosaic methods. In light fields constructed straightforwardly, blur and discontinuity are introduced into synthesized images by depth variation of the object. In our method, the light field is optimized to remove blur and discontinuity so clear images can be synthesized. We find the optimum light field for generating sharp unblurred images by reparameterizing light field and evaluating sharpness of synthesized images from each light field. The optimized light field is adapted to the depth variation of the object surface, but the exact shape of the object is not necessary. High resolution images that are impractical in the real system can be virtually synthesized from the light field. Results of the experiment applied to a book surface demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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The Light Field Video Camera

10.21236/ada419717 ◽

2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bennett Wilburn ◽

Michal Smulski ◽

Kelin Lee ◽

Mark A. Horowitz

Keyword(s):

Light Field ◽

Video Camera

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Ratio imaging of intracellular ion concentration

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130432 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1160-1161

Author(s):

Stephen R. Bolsover

Keyword(s):

Individual Cell ◽

Video Camera ◽

Field Of View ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Fluorescence Signal ◽

Ion Imaging ◽

Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽

Ratio Imaging ◽

The Mean ◽

The Many

The field of intracellular ion concentration measurement expanded greatly in the 1980's due primarily to the development by Roger Tsien of ratiometric fluorescence dyes. These dyes have many applications, and in particular they make possible to image ion concentrations: to produce maps of the ion concentration within living cells. Ion imagers comprise a fluorescence microscope, an imaging light detector such as a video camera, and a computer system to process the fluorescence signal and display the map of ion concentration.Ion imaging can be used for two distinct purposes. In the first, the imager looks at a field of cells, measuring the mean ion concentration in each cell of the many in the field of view. One can then, for instance, challenge the cells with an agonist and examine the response of each individual cell. Ion imagers are not necessary for this sort of experiment: one can instead use a system that measures the mean ion concentration in a just one cell at any one time. However, they are very much more convenient.

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High-resolution measurement of birefringent fine structure in living cells using a new polarized light microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100136647 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

Rudolf Oldenbourg

Keyword(s):

Light Microscope ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Processing System ◽

Video Camera ◽

Molecular Organization ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Image Recording ◽

Birefringent Crystal ◽

Technological Advances

The recent renaissance of the light microsope is fueled in part by technological advances in components on the periphery of the microscope, such as the laser as illumination source, electronic image recording (video), computer assisted image analysis and the biochemistry of fluorescent dyes for labeling specimens. After great progress in these peripheral parts, it seems timely to examine the optics itself and ask how progress in the periphery facilitates the use of new optical components and of new optical designs inside the microscope. Some results of this fruitful reflection are presented in this symposium.We have considered the polarized light microscope, and developed a design that replaces the traditional compensator, typically a birefringent crystal plate, with a precision universal compensator made of two liquid crystal variable retarders. A video camera and digital image processing system provide fast measurements of specimen anisotropy (retardance magnitude and azimuth) at ALL POINTS of the image forming the field of view. The images document fine structural and molecular organization within a thin optical section of the specimen.

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Thickness Measurement in the AEM by Macintosh-Based Analysis of Two-Beam Convergent Beam Patterns

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013612x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

John F. Mansfield ◽

Douglas C. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Video Camera ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Crystalline Materials ◽

Beam Dynamic ◽

Line Measurement ◽

On Line ◽

Image Position ◽

Convergent Beam

A method has been developed that allows on-line measurement of the thickness of crystalline materials in the analytical electron microscope. Two-beam convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns are digitized from a JEOL 2000FX electron microscope into an Apple Macintosh II microcomputer via a Gatan #673 CCD Video Camera and an Imaging Systems Technology Video 1000 frame-capture board. It is necessary to know the lattice parameters of the sample since measurements are made of the spacing of the diffraction discs in order to calibrate the pattern. The sample thickness is calculated from measurements of the spacings of the fringes that are seen in the diffraction discs. This technique was pioneered by Kelly et al, who used the two-beam dynamic theory of MacGillavry relate the deviation parameter (Si) of the ith fringe from the exact Bragg condition to the specimen thickness (t) with the equation:Where ξg, is the extinction distance for that reflection and ni is an integer.

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3-D reconstruction and analysis of mammalian mitotic spindle structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123295 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

Kent McDonald ◽

David Mastronarde ◽

Rubai Ding ◽

Eileen O'Toole ◽

J. Richard McIntosh

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Video Camera ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Mitotic Spindles ◽

Black And White ◽

Reconstruction Methods ◽

Spindle Structure ◽

Tissue Culture Line

Mammalian spindles are generally large and may contain over a thousand microtubules (MTs). For this reason they are difficult to reconstruct in three dimensions and many researchers have chosen to study the smaller and simpler spindles of lower eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mammalian spindle is used for many experimental studies and it would be useful to know its detailed structure.We have been using serial cross sections and computer reconstruction methods to analyze MT distributions in mitotic spindles of PtK cells, a mammalian tissue culture line. Images from EM negatives are digtized on a light box by a Dage MTI video camera containing a black and white Saticon tube. The signal is digitized by a Parallax 1280 graphics device in a MicroVax III computer. Microtubules are digitized at a magnification such that each is 10-12 pixels in diameter.

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New polarized-light microscope for fast and orientation independent measurement of birefringent fine structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146254 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 82-83

Author(s):

Rudolf Oldenbourg

Keyword(s):

Light Microscope ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Video Camera ◽

Limited Range ◽

Image Point ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Optical Modulators ◽

Anisotropic Structures ◽

Long Time ◽

Computer Assisted Image

The polarized light microscope has the unique potential to measure submicroscopic molecular arrangements dynamically and non-destructively in living cells and other specimens. With the traditional pol-scope, however, single images display only those anisotropic structures that have a limited range of orientations with respect to the polarization axes of the microscope. Furthermore, rapid measurements are restricted to a single image point or single area that exhibits uniform birefringence or other form of optical anisotropy, while measurements comparing several image points take an inordinately long time.We are developing a new kind of polarized light microscope which combines speed and high resolution in its measurement of the specimen anisotropy, irrespective of its orientation. The design of the new pol-scope is based on the traditional polarized light microscope with two essential modifications: circular polarizers replace linear polarizers and two electro-optical modulators replace the traditional compensator. A video camera and computer assisted image analysis provide measurements of specimen anisotropy in rapid succession for all points of the image comprising the field of view.

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