Effects of a six‐month low‐carbohydrate diet on glycemic control, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open‐label RCT

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Body weight and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes on a self-selected high-protein low-carbohydrate diet

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02605-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad H. Alzahrani ◽

Mads J. Skytte ◽

Amirsalar Samkani ◽

Mads N. Thomsen ◽

Arne Astrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Weight ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

High Protein ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Comparative study of the effects of a 1-year dietary intervention of a low-carbohydrate diet versus a low-fat diet on weight and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1164017.624674 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Marion Franz

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Diet Versus

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Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.110.004333 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 844-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Lawrence de Koning ◽

Teresa T Fung ◽

Xiaomei Liao ◽

Stephanie E Chiuve ◽

Eric B Rimm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with the Aid of Intelligent Administration of Insulin-Loaded Nanoparticle

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2020.3255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1445-1451

Author(s):

Xiaofan Zhang ◽

Youyou Zhang ◽

Lingjia Gu ◽

Haiying Tao ◽

Shuang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Solution ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

High Concentration ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Hba1c Levels ◽

Diabetes Patients

Nanoparticles play a major role in drug delivery. We investigated the effects of the intelligent administration of insulin-loaded nanoparticles (ILNP) when combined with a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on the metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes. ILNP and smart vesicle polymers were developed, and their properties were studied in vitro. Further clinical trials were performed, during which body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were compared between type 2 diabetes patients on LCDs those on normal diets. The results demonstrated that ILNP resisted protease degradation due to steric hindrance, and remained relatively stable at a pH range of 5.0 to 7.4. The nanoparticle enteric-coated capsules resisted the gastric juice acidity (pH = 2.5) and ensured the stable embedding of the insulin. The insulin was then released at a slightly higher pH (pH = 6.6), which mimicked the small intestine. Smart vesicle polymers further embedded the insulin and glucose oxidase simultaneously in nano polymer compounds, which allowed for a dose-dependent response to the concentration of glucose. Thus, the insulin was not released in a low-concentration glucose solution, but rather in a high-concentration glucose solution. Based on these results, we concluded that the clinical trial results showed that the intelligent administration of ILNP combined with a LCD reduced BMI, FBG, and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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