Survival of Heterobasidion irregulare on red pine discs in cold temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. e12480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Myers ◽  
Denise R. Smith ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Heterobasidion Irregulare

scholarly journals Detecting Heterobasidion irregulare in Minnesota and Assessment of Indigenous Fungi on Pines

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Eric Otto ◽  
Benjamin Held ◽  
Samuel Redford ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Heterobasidion Irregulare

Heterobasidion irregulare is one of the most problematic forest pathogens in the northern hemisphere, but has only been found relatively recently in the north central United States. Discovered in Wisconsin in 1993, but probably established sometime before that, it quickly spread throughout the state. In November 2014, it was found in southeastern Minnesota. Field surveys were then conducted throughout Minnesota with the focus in the southeast near the initial discovery. To find additional infection sites, surveys were conducted with accompanying aerial imagery of red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) stands that were previously thinned. Samples were collected from selected sites with dead and dying trees as well as samples from stumps in recently thinned pine stands. These samples were processed first with a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, which was replaced by a real-time PCR assay after its development. No samples tested positive for H. irregulare using these methods and no cultures from isolations were obtained outside the original infection area. Other indigenous fungi were also identified. The majority were wood decay fungi in the Basidiomycota. A spore collection study was also conducted after field surveys. Automated rotary arm spore collectors were used and assayed with an ITS TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Collectors were placed strategically in different areas of Minnesota. A positive control was used in an infected red pine plantation in Wisconsin and this location had the highest number of spores trapped, with 63,776 over a week period. Spores of H. irregulare were detected at several sites in Minnesota, with the highest spore total observed in traps at 413 over a week period. All other locations sampled also had some spores collected except Itasca State Park located in northwestern Minnesota. The weekly deposition of spores ranged from 0 to 1.26 m−2 h−1. Low spore levels occurring in Minnesota indicate that some spores are present, but they are currently being detected in amounts that may not be sufficient for colonization to be successful.

Heterobasidion irregulare. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe ◽  
Heterobasidion Irregulare

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Heterobasidion irregulare Garbel. and Otrosina. Agaricomycetes: Russulales: Bondarzewiaceae. Hosts: Pinus spp. especially stone pine (P. pinea), Aleppo pine (P. halepensis) and red pine (P. resinosa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, South Carolina, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin) and Central America and Caribbean (Cuba and Dominican Republic).

scholarly journals Efficacy of two Phlebiopsis gigantea formulations in preventing Heterobasidion irregulare colonization of red pine stumps in eastern Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Dumas ◽  
Gaston Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Heterobasidion Irregulare

Heterobasidion irregulare is the scientific name for the North American fungal species that was previously known as H. annosum (P-type) and Fomes annosus. In eastern Canada, the pathogen is found mainly in red pine plantations in southern Ontario and Quebec, where it causes tree mortality. There is no registered control method currently available for this disease in Canada. Phlebiopsis gigantea is a saprophytic basidiomycete successfully used and registered as a biological control agent in several European countries. In order to register a control product in Canada, its efficacy must be demonstrated under field conditions. Trials were performed with two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea in four red pine plantations in Ontario. The mean diameters of treated stumps ranged from 29 to 35 cm. After 2 mo, all 238 stumps treated were free of disease, while 12% of the 120 untreated stumps were colonized by the pathogen. The two formulations without P. gigantea did not prevent the colonization of the stumps by either P. gigantea or H. irregulare. These results show that the two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea can prevent colonization of red pine stumps by H. irregulare and provide support for the registration of P. gigantea as a biocontrol agent in eastern Canada.

FROSTLINE

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Treated Carbon

Abstract FROSTLINE is a fine-grain, columbium-treated carbon steel designed to be an economical solution to structural design requirements at cold temperatures. Available in plate thicknesses up to 6 inches, it offers high levels of toughness at temperatures to 80 F and higher strength levels than conventional carbon steels. Frostline also offers excellent welding characteristics, because of its low carbon equivalent. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: CS-67. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

Temperature-Dependent Logic Failure in a GaAs Power Amplifier-Duplexer Module Caused by a Subtle Parasitic Schottky Diode

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Emergo ◽  
Steve Brockett ◽  
Pat Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Collector Junction ◽  
Power Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Base Contact ◽  
Single Power

Abstract A single power amplifier-duplexer device was submitted by a customer for analysis. The device was initially considered passing when tested against the production test. However, further electrical testing suggested that the device was stuck in a single power mode for a particular frequency band at cold temperatures only. This paper outlines the systematic isolation of a parasitic Schottky diode formed by a base contactcollector punch through process defect that pulled down the input of a NOR gate leading to the incorrect logic state. Note that this parasitic Schottky diode is parallel to the basecollector junction. It was observed that the logic failure only manifested at colder temperatures because the base contact only slightly diffused into the collector layer. Since the difference in the turn-on voltages between the base-collector junction and the parasitic Schottky diode increases with decreasing temperature, the effect of the parasitic diode is only noticeable at lower temperatures.

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