scholarly journals Age‐related changes in oral motor‐control strategies during unpredictable load demands in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Nabeel Almotairy ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Nadia Welander ◽  
Anastasios Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Precise Grip Force Regulation: A Combined EEG-fNIRS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Berger ◽  
Fabian Steinberg ◽  
Fabian Thomas ◽  
Michael Doppelmayr
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Grip Force Control ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical areas. Aging leads to changes in oscillatory and hemodynamic brain activity and impairments in motor control. However, the relationship between age-related changes in motor control and brain activity is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-related and task-complexity-related changes in grip force control and the underlying oscillatory and hemodynamic activity. Sixteen younger [age (mean ± SD) = 25.4 ± 1.9, 20–30 years] and 16 older (age = 56.7 ± 4.7, 50–70 years) healthy men were asked to use a power grip to perform six trials each of easy and complex force tracking tasks (FTTs) with their right dominant hand in a randomized within-subject design. Grip force control was assessed using a sensor-based device. Brain activity in premotor and primary motor areas of both hemispheres was assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Older adults showed significantly higher inaccuracies and higher hemodynamic activity in both FTTs than did young adults. Correlations between grip force control owing to task complexity and beta activity were different in the contralateral premotor cortex (PMC) between younger and older adults. Collectively, these findings suggest that aging leads to impairment of grip force control and an increase in hemodynamic activity independent of task complexity. EEG beta oscillations may represent a task-specific neurophysiological marker for age-related decline in complex grip force control and its underlying compensation strategies. Further EEG-fNIRS studies are necessary to determine neurophysiological markers of dysfunctions underlying age-related motor disabilities for the improvement of individual diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van der Kruk ◽  
Anne K Silverman ◽  
Peter Reilly ◽  
Anthony M J Bull
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Movement Compensation

In healthy ageing, capacity declines in the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems, and each system decline has its effect on the execution of complex motor tasks. This decline in capacity can result in the inability to stand up (sit-to-stand, sit-to-walk), which is a key movement for independence. The mechanisms leading to mobility limitations or inabilities are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the complementary fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology need to be combined to understand these mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of age-related compensation in standing up and to consider the limitations of these results when analysing standing up in daily life using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) framework that combines biomechanics, motor control, and physiology. A literature search was performed in the search engine Scopus, using the keywords and their synonyms: strateg*(approach, technique, way) AND, sit-to-walk OR sit-to-stand OR rise (raise, arise, stand, stand-up) AND chair (seat). Inclusion criteria were: biomechanics or motor control on sit-to-stand or sit-to-walk in healthy and/or frail adults (<60y) and elderly (>60y), and/or osteoarthritis patients as a specific case of ageing related decline. The review shows that movement compensations in standing up manifest as changes in planned trajectory (Compensation by Selection) and in muscle recruitment (Compensation by Reorganisation). However, as most studies in the literature typically use standardized experimental protocols where movement compensation is restricted, these studies cannot be directly translated to functional tasks, such as the mobility of the elderly in their homes, communities, and clinic. Compensation must be included in future studies in order to facilitate clinical translation. Specifically, future studies in the standing up task should 1) determine the effect of varying arm use strategies (e.g., armrests, knees, chair, cane) on trunk and both lower limb and upper limb joint loading, 2) analyse control strategies in elderly people, 3) determine the biomechanical implications of asymmetry, and 4) incorporate assessments of age-related physical and neural decline as well as changes in psychological priorities.

Age-Related Changes in Motor Control During Unimanual Movements

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. McGregor ◽  
Jason G. Craggs ◽  
Michelle L. Benjamin ◽  
Bruce Crosson ◽  
Keith D. White
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Analysis of Age-Related Modifications of Lower Limb Motor Control Strategies by Using a Wearable Biomechatronic System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Macri ◽  
S. Micera ◽  
A. Vaccaro ◽  
J. Carpaneto ◽  
M.C. Carrozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Characterization of age-related modifications of upper limb motor control strategies in a new dynamic environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Cesqui ◽  
Giovanna Macri ◽  
Paolo Dario ◽  
Silvestro Micera
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Age Related

Characterization of age-related modifications of motor control strategies during reaching movements

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S36-S37
Author(s):  
G. Macrì ◽  
S. Micera ◽  
V. Monaco ◽  
J. Carpaneto ◽  
P. Dario
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Investigating Age-related changes in fine motor control across different effectors and the impact of white matter integrity

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Holtrop ◽  
Torrey M. Loucks ◽  
Jacob J. Sosnoff ◽  
Bradley P. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

28 Age-related changes in diastolic transmitral flow dispersion

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
A YAGENSKY ◽  
Y FEDOROV
Keyword(s):  
Transmitral Flow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
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