scholarly journals Hybridization and range expansion in tamarisk beetles ( Diorhabda spp.) introduced to North America for classical biological control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Stahlke ◽  
Ellyn V. Bitume ◽  
A. Zeynep Ozsoy ◽  
Dan W. Bean ◽  
Anne Veillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Classical Biological Control

scholarly journals Hybridization and range expansion in tamarisk beetles (Diorhabda spp.) introduced to North America for classical biological control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Stahlke ◽  
Ellyn V. Bitume ◽  
A. Zeynep Ozsoy ◽  
Dan W. Bean ◽  
Anne Veillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Tamarix Spp

With the global rise of human-mediated translocations and invasions, it is critical to understand the genomic consequences of hybridization and mechanisms of range expansion. Conventional wisdom is that high genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity due to repeated founder effects will constrain introduced species. However, reduced genetic variation can be countered by behavioral aspects and admixture with other distinct populations. As planned invasions, classical biological control (biocontrol) agents present important opportunities to understand the mechanisms of establishment and spread in a novel environment. The ability of biocontrol agents to spread and adapt, and their effects on local ecosystems, depends on genomic variation and the consequences of admixture in novel environments. Here we use a biocontrol system to examine the genome-wide outcomes of introduction, spread, and hybridization in four cryptic species of a biocontrol agent, the tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinata, D. carinulata, D. elongata, and D. sublineata), introduced from six localities across Eurasia to control the invasive shrub tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in western North America. We assembled a de novo draft reference genome and applied RADseq to over 500 individuals from laboratory cultures, the native ranges, and across the introduced range. Despite evidence of a substantial genetic bottleneck among D. carinulata in N. America, populations continue to establish and spread, possibly due to aggregation behavior. We found that D. carinata, D. elongata, and D. sublineata hybridize in the field to varying extents, with D. carinata x D. sublineata hybrids being the most abundant. Genetic diversity was greater at sites with hybrids, highlighting potential for increased ability to adapt and expand. Our results demonstrate the complex patterns of genomic variation that can result from introduction of multiple ecotypes or species for biocontrol, and the importance of understanding them to predict and manage the effects of biocontrol agents in novel ecosystems.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) introduced to North America for biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil, and the first recovery of Stenomalina gracilis (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A.P. Gibson ◽  
David R. Gillespie ◽  
Lloyd Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Pteromalus Puparum ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil

AbstractThe species of Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) introduced to British Columbia, Canada, from Europe in 1949 as Trichomalus fasciatus (Thomson, 1878), Xenocrepis pura Mayr, 1904, and Habrocytus sp. for classical biological control of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham, 1802) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are shown to be misidentifications of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848), and Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834), respectively. Species reared subsequently from seedpods of Brassica spp. (Brassicaceae) in British Columbia and reported in the literature under the first three names are shown to be misidentifications of, respectively, Trichomalus lucidus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus moryoides Gibson, 2005, and one or both of Pteromalus puparum (L., 1758) and T. lucidus. There is no evidence that either T. perfectus or M. morys established in North America, but S. gracilis is newly recorded from southern British Columbia based on specimens reared from Brassicaceae seedpods in 2004 and 2005.

scholarly journals A review of the species of Mesopolobus (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) associated with Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) host-species of European origin

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Baur ◽  
F.J. Muller ◽  
G.A.P. Gibson ◽  
P.G. Mason ◽  
U. Kuhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Hoary Cress ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil ◽  
Lepidium Draba ◽  
First Time

AbstractFour species of Mesopolobus Westwood were reared as parasitoids of Ceutorhynchinae hosts in Europe during surveys in 2000–2004. An illustrated key is given to differentiate the four species, M. gemellus Baur & Muller sp. n., M. incultus (Walker), M. morys (Walker) and M. trasullus (Walker), plus M. moryoides Gibson, a parasitoid of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), in North America. Pteromalus clavicornis Walker is recognized as a junior synonym of M. incultussyn. n., and Pteromalus berecynthos Walker (also a junior synonym of M. incultus) is considered a correct original spelling. For Disema pallipes Förster (a junior synonym of Mesopolobus morys), a lectotype is designated. Mesopolobus morys is for the first time accurately associated with the seed weevil Ceutorhynchus turbatus (Schultze), a potential agent for classical biological control, of hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae), in North America. Mesopolobus gemellus is associated with another seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus typhae (=C. floralis) (Herbst), in pods of shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Implications of the host–parasitoid associations are discussed relative to the introduction of species to North America for classical biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil.

Importance of long-term research in classical biological control: an analytical review of a release against the cabbage seedpod weevil in North America

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (8) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Gillespie ◽  
P. G. Mason ◽  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
P. Bouchard ◽  
G. A. P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil

scholarly journals Slender Wheatgrass is Susceptible to Smut Caused by Ustilago phrygica from Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Berner ◽  
H. J. Dubin ◽  
E. L. Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus), family Poaceae, tribe Triticeae, is a native North American grass that is used as a livestock forage. Ustilago phrygica, a systemic ovary-smut fungus, is native to Turkey and West Asia and is pathogenic on Aegilops spp. and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski subsp. asperum (Simonk.) Melderis (medusahead), an invasive weed in the western United States that is targeted for biological control. An isolate of the fungus (U.S. National Fungus Collections, BPI 871725; GenBank Accession No. DQ139961) was collected from medusahead in Turkey and screened for possible use in classical biological control of this weed. Screening was done in quarantine in a BSL-3 facility of the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ft. Detrick, MD. The focus of screening was determination of host range of the fungus among related native and agriculturally important grasses in North America. A procedure was developed to consistently and quickly produce disease on medusahead and other grasses. Without vernalization, plants inoculated with U. phrygica will not produce smutted spikes (seedheads). Teliospores of the fungus were vacuum inoculated (1) onto caryopses (seeds) of medusahead and slender wheatgrass, which were then placed on moist germination paper in a petri dish or on moist vermiculite in plastic boxes. The dishes, sealed with Parafilm, and the boxes, covered with lids, were placed in a dark refrigerator at 3°C. After 8 weeks, all seedlings were transplanted into pots on a greenhouse bench at 22 to 25°C and 14 h light (photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD] 620 μmol·s−1·m−2). The plants began to flower and produce smutted spikes 40 days later. These tests were repeated once. Fourteen of sixty medusahead plants from inoculated caryopses incubated on germination paper and nine of twenty-four plants from caryopses incubated on vermiculite became smutted and produced numerous smutted spikes per plant. Partial systemic infection was the norm, and all diseased plants had some spikes that were not diseased. One slender wheatgrass plant of nine plants grown from inoculated caryopses incubated on germination paper was also smutted and produced three diseased spikes. Nielsen (2) indicated susceptibility of slender wheatgrass to U. phrygica, but only as a single entry in a table under the synonym Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. F. Lewis in a report on susceptibility of Aegilops spp. to U. phrygica. Because this is an obscure mention of the susceptibility of slender wheatgrass to U. phrygica, the fungus-host association does not explicitly appear in literature and is absent from relevant databases. Our tests with the fungus confirm that slender wheatgrass is susceptible to U. phrygica and lead us to conclude that the fungus would not be a good candidate for classical biological control of medusahead in North America. This formal report should establish this fungus-host association in literature and ensure reference in plant disease databases. References: (1) C. C. Allison. Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. August:1, 1936. (2) J. Nielsen. Can. J. Bot. 70:581, 1992.

Progress in the classical biological control of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah S. Bauer ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
Roy Van Driesche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Larval Parasitoids

AbstractFirst detected in North America in 2002, the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding beetle from Asia, has killed tens of millions of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) trees. Although few parasitoids attack EAB in North America, three parasitoid species were found attacking EAB in China: the egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and two larval parasitoids Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In 2007, classical biological control of EAB began in the United States of America after release of these three species was approved. In 2013, release of the larval parasitoids was approved in Canada. Research continues at study sites in Michigan, United States of America where the establishment, prevalence, and spread of O. agrili and T. planipennisi have been monitored since 2008. However, establishment of S. agrili remains unconfirmed in northern areas, and its release is now restricted to regions below the 40th parallel. In 2015, approval for release of Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an EAB larval parasitoid from the Russian Far East, may be granted in the United States of America. Researchers are guardedly optimistic that a complex of introduced and native natural enemies will regulate EAB densities below a tolerance threshold for survival of ash species or genotypes in forested ecosystems.

Potential exposure of a classical biological control agent of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, on non-target aphids in North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris A. G. Wyckhuys ◽  
Robert L. Koch ◽  
Robert R. Kula ◽  
George E. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Potential Exposure
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