scholarly journals Adaptive divergence in flowering time among natural populations ofArabidopsis thaliana: Estimates of selection and QTL mapping

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Ågren ◽  
Christopher G. Oakley ◽  
Sverre Lundemo ◽  
Douglas W. Schemske
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Ofarabidopsis Thaliana

scholarly journals Evolutionary inference from QST-FST comparisons: disentangling local adaptation from altitudinal gradient selection in snapdragon plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marin ◽  
Juliette Archambeau ◽  
Vincent Bonhomme ◽  
Mylène Lascoste ◽  
Benoit Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Populations ◽  
Environmental Demand

ABSTRACTPhenotypic differentiation among natural populations can be explained by natural selection or by neutral processes such as drift. There are many examples in the literature where comparing the effects of these processes on multiple populations has allowed the detection of local adaptation. However, these studies rarely identify the agents of selection. Whether population adaptive divergence is caused by local features of the environment, or by the environmental demand emerging at a more global scale, for example along altitudinal gradients, is a question that remains poorly investigated. Here, we measured neutral genetic (FST) and quantitative genetic (QST) differentiation among 13 populations of snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus) in a common garden experiment. We found low but significant genetic differentiation at putatively neutral markers, which supports the hypothesis of either ongoing pervasive homogenisation via gene flow between diverged populations or reproductive isolation between disconnected populations. Our results also support the hypothesis of local adaptation involving phenological, morphological, reproductive and functional traits. They also showed that phenotypic differentiation increased with altitude for traits reflecting the reproduction and the phenology of plants, thereby confirming the role of such traits in their adaptation to environmental differences associated with altitude. Our approach allowed us to identify candidate traits for the adaptation to climate change in snapdragon plants. Our findings imply that environmental conditions changing with altitude, such as the climatic envelope, influenced the adaptation of multiple populations of snapdragon plants on the top of their adaptation to local environmental features. They also have implications for the study of adaptive evolution in structured populations because they highlight the need to disentangle the adaptation of plant populations to climate envelopes and altitude from the confounding effects of selective pressures acting specifically at the local scale of a population.

scholarly journals Joint QTL mapping and transcriptome sequencing analysis reveal candidate flowering time genes in Brassica napus L

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongju Jian ◽  
Aoxiang Zhang ◽  
Jinqi Ma ◽  
Tengyue Wang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Flowering time QTL in natural populations ofArabidopsis thalianaand implications for their adaptive value

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 4291-4303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dittmar ◽  
Christopher G. Oakley ◽  
Jon Ågren ◽  
Douglas W. Schemske
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adaptive Value

scholarly journals Why are not all chilies hot? A trade-off limits pungency

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1735) ◽  
pp. 2012-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Haak ◽  
Leslie A. McGinnis ◽  
Douglas J. Levey ◽  
Joshua J. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Chacoense

Evolutionary biologists increasingly recognize that evolution can be constrained by trade-offs, yet our understanding of how and when such constraints are manifested and whether they restrict adaptive divergence in populations remains limited. Here, we show that spatial heterogeneity in moisture maintains a polymorphism for pungency (heat) among natural populations of wild chilies ( Capsicum chacoense ) because traits influencing water-use efficiency are functionally integrated with traits controlling pungency (the production of capsaicinoids). Pungent and non-pungent chilies occur along a cline in moisture that spans their native range in Bolivia, and the proportion of pungent plants in populations increases with greater moisture availability. In high moisture environments, pungency is beneficial because capsaicinoids protect the fruit from pathogenic fungi, and is not costly because pungent and non-pungent chilies grown in well-watered conditions produce equal numbers of seeds. In low moisture environments, pungency is less beneficial as the risk of fungal infection is lower, and carries a significant cost because, under drought stress, seed production in pungent chilies is reduced by 50 per cent relative to non-pungent plants grown in identical conditions. This large difference in seed production under water-stressed (WS) conditions explains the existence of populations dominated by non-pungent plants, and appears to result from a genetic correlation between pungency and stomatal density: non-pungent plants, segregating from intra-population crosses, exhibit significantly lower stomatal density ( p = 0.003), thereby reducing gas exchange under WS conditions. These results demonstrate the importance of trait integration in constraining adaptive divergence among populations.

QTL Mapping for Grain Yield, Flowering Time, and Stay-Green Traits in Sorghum with Genotyping-by-Sequencing Markers

Crop Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Sukumaran ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xianran Li ◽  
Chengsong Zhu ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Stay Green

scholarly journals Explaining the heritability of an ecologically significant trait in terms of individual quantitative trait loci

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison G. Scoville ◽  
Young Wha Lee ◽  
John H. Willis ◽  
John K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Genomic Regions

Most natural populations display substantial genetic variation in behaviour, morphology, physiology, life history and the susceptibility to disease. A major challenge is to determine the contributions of individual loci to variation in complex traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has identified genomic regions affecting ecologically significant traits of many species. In nearly all cases, however, the importance of these QTLs to population variation remains unclear. In this paper, we apply a novel experimental method to parse the genetic variance of floral traits of the annual plant Mimulus guttatus into contributions of individual QTLs. We first use QTL-mapping to identify nine loci and then conduct a population-based breeding experiment to estimate V Q , the genetic variance attributable to each QTL. We find that three QTLs with moderate effects explain up to one-third of the genetic variance in the natural population. Variation at these loci is probably maintained by some form of balancing selection. Notably, the largest effect QTLs were relatively minor in their contribution to heritability.

QTL mapping of naturally-occurring variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana

1994 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Kowalski ◽  
Tien-Hung Lan ◽  
Kenneth A. Feldmann ◽  
Andrew H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Detection of adaptive divergence in populations of the stream mayfly Ephemera strigata with machine learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Sakiko Yaegashi ◽  
Thaddeus M Carvajal ◽  
Maribet Gamboa ◽  
Kozo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Genome Scanning ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
A Genome

AbstractAdaptive divergence is a key mechanism shaping the genetic variation of natural populations. A central question linking ecology with evolutionary biology concerns the role of environmental heterogeneity in determining adaptive divergence among local populations within a species. In this study, we examined adaptive the divergence among populations of the stream mayfly Ephemera strigata in the Natori River Basin in northeastern Japan. We used a genome scanning approach to detect candidate loci under selection and then applied a machine learning method (i.e. Random Forest) and traditional distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to examine relationships between environmental factors and adaptive divergence at non-neutral loci. We also assessed spatial autocorrelation at neutral loci to quantify the dispersal ability of E. strigata. Our main findings were as follows: 1) random forest shows a higher resolution than traditional statistical analysis for detecting adaptive divergence; 2) separating markers into neutral and non-neutral loci provides insights into genetic diversity, local adaptation and dispersal ability and 3) E. strigata shows altitudinal adaptive divergence among the populations in the Natori River Basin.

scholarly journals Low but significant genetic differentiation underlies biologically meaningful phenotypic divergence in a large Atlantic salmon population

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Susan E Johnston ◽  
Panu Orell ◽  
Eero Niemelä ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation

Despite decades of research assessing the genetic structure of natural populations, the biological meaning of low yet significant genetic divergence often remains unclear due to a lack of associated phenotypic and ecological information. At the same time, structured populations with low genetic divergence and overlapping boundaries can potentially provide excellent models to study adaptation and reproductive isolation in cases where high resolution genetic markers and relevant phenotypic and life history information are available. Here, we combined SNP-based population inference with extensive phenotypic and life history data to identify potential biological mechanisms driving fine scale sub-population differentiation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Teno River, a major salmon river in Europe. Two sympatrically occurring sub-populations had low but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.018) and displayed marked differences in the distribution of life history strategies, including variation in juvenile growth rate, age at maturity and size within age classes. Large, late-maturing individuals were virtually absent from one of the two sub-populations and there were significant differences in juvenile growth rates and size-at-age after oceanic migration between individuals in the respective sub-populations. Our findings suggest that different evolutionary processes affect each sub-population and that hybridization and subsequent selection may maintain low genetic differentiation without hindering adaptive divergence.

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