Flowering time QTL in natural populations ofArabidopsis thalianaand implications for their adaptive value

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 4291-4303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dittmar ◽  
Christopher G. Oakley ◽  
Jon Ågren ◽  
Douglas W. Schemske
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adaptive Value

scholarly journals Large-effect flowering time mutations reveal conditionally adaptive paths through fitness landscapes in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (36) ◽  
pp. 17890-17899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Taylor ◽  
Amity M. Wilczek ◽  
Judith L. Roe ◽  
Stephen M. Welch ◽  
Daniel E. Runcie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fitness Landscapes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Contrary to previous assumptions that most mutations are deleterious, there is increasing evidence for persistence of large-effect mutations in natural populations. A possible explanation for these observations is that mutant phenotypes and fitness may depend upon the specific environmental conditions to which a mutant is exposed. Here, we tested this hypothesis by growing large-effect flowering time mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana in multiple field sites and seasons to quantify their fitness effects in realistic natural conditions. By constructing environment-specific fitness landscapes based on flowering time and branching architecture, we observed that a subset of mutations increased fitness, but only in specific environments. These mutations increased fitness via different paths: through shifting flowering time, branching, or both. Branching was under stronger selection, but flowering time was more genetically variable, pointing to the importance of indirect selection on mutations through their pleiotropic effects on multiple phenotypes. Finally, mutations in hub genes with greater connectedness in their regulatory networks had greater effects on both phenotypes and fitness. Together, these findings indicate that large-effect mutations may persist in populations because they influence traits that are adaptive only under specific environmental conditions. Understanding their evolutionary dynamics therefore requires measuring their effects in multiple natural environments.

An association mapping approach to identify flowering time genes in natural populations of Lolium perenne (L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Skøt ◽  
Mervyn O. Humphreys ◽  
Ian Armstead ◽  
Sue Heywood ◽  
Kirsten P. Skøt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Association Mapping Approach

scholarly journals Adaptive divergence in flowering time among natural populations ofArabidopsis thaliana: Estimates of selection and QTL mapping

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Ågren ◽  
Christopher G. Oakley ◽  
Sverre Lundemo ◽  
Douglas W. Schemske
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Ofarabidopsis Thaliana

scholarly journals Assortment of flowering time and immunity alleles in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations suggests immunity and vegetative lifespan strategies coevolve

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Glander ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Gregor Schmitz ◽  
Anika Witten ◽  
Arndt Telschow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe selective impact of pathogen epidemics on host defenses can be strong but remains transient. By contrast, life-history shifts can durably and continuously modify the balance between costs and benefits of immunity, which arbitrates the evolution of host defenses. Their impact on the evolutionary dynamics of host immunity, however, has seldom been documented. Optimal investment into immunity is expected to decrease with shortening lifespan, because a shorter life decreases the probability to encounter pathogens or enemies. Here, we document that in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, the expression levels of immunity genes correlate positively with flowering time, which in annual species is a proxy for lifespan. Using a novel genetic strategy based on bulk-segregants, we partitioned flowering time-dependent from – independent immunity genes and could demonstrate that this positive co-variation can be genetically separated. It is therefore not explained by the pleiotropic action of some major regulatory genes controlling both immunity and lifespan. Moreover, we find that immunity genes containing variants reported to impact fitness in natural field conditions are among the genes whose expression co-varies most strongly with flowering time. Taken together, these analyses reveal that natural selection has likely assorted alleles promoting lower expression of immunity genes with alleles that decrease the duration of vegetative lifespan in A. thaliana and vice versa. This is the first study documenting a pattern of variation consistent with the impact that selection on flowering time is predicted to have on diversity in host immunity.

The response of flowering time to global warming in a high-altitude plant: the impact of genetics and the environment

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Brunet ◽  
Zachary Larson-Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

In high-altitude habitats, an increase in temperature and greater precipitation in the form of rain represent climate changes typically associated with global warming. We determined whether phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes in the mean phenotype could affect the adaptation of flowering time to changes in the environment resulting from global warming in a montane plant species, Aquilegia coerulea James. We collected seeds from 17 plants from each of three natural populations. For each of these 51 families, we assigned 3–4 individuals to each of four water and temperature treatments. We observed phenotypic plasticity in flowering time in response to both temperature and water availability but no genetic variance or genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity could provide a quick response to environmental changes but provides little evolutionary potential. In contrast to phenotypic plasticity in flowering time, the mean flowering time did vary among families and among populations, suggesting a genetic basis to flowering time and adaptation in the different populations. The most likely scenario for the adaptation of this plant species to climate change is a rapid response via phenotypic plasticity followed by selection and micro-evolutionary changes in the mean phenotype.

Intraspecific competition between different aged larvae of Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae): advantages of an oviposition-deterring pheromone

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2192-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Quiring ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Agromyza Frontella

In laboratory studies evaluating the effects of intraspecific competition between Agromyza frontella larvae of different ages, individuals starting 24 or 48 h before other larvae within the same leaflet largely escaped the negative effects of competition. However, larvae starting development later experienced a higher incidence of mortality and reduced pupal weight. Thus an oviposition-deterring pheromone laid down by ovipositing A. frontella females would only have to remain effective for 24 h to confer a competitive advantage to the first individual developing within the leaflet. In two separate field tests this proved to be the case, with active pheromone remaining for > 24 h under both hot and rainy conditions. There has been some doubt concerning the adaptive value of certain oviposition-deterring pheromones under field conditions because of their water-soluble nature. The results of these experiments would suggest that the required active life of an oviposition-deterring pheromone may be considerably shorter than previously thought, and thus their persistence, even for short periods, may be adequate to reduce intraspecific competition in natural populations.

scholarly journals The genomic architecture of flowering time varies across space and time in Mimulus guttatus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Monnahan ◽  
John K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Genomic Architecture ◽  
Pooled Sequencing ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes ◽  
Appreciable Variation

AbstractThe degree to which genomic architecture varies across space and time is central to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection. Bulked-segregant mapping combined with pooled sequencing provides an efficient method to estimate the effect of genetic variants on quantitative traits. We develop a novel likelihood framework to identify segregating variation within multiple populations and generations while accommodating estimation error on a sample- and SNP-specific basis. We use this method to map loci for flowering time within natural populations of Mimulus guttatus, collecting the early and late flowering plants from each of three neighboring populations and two consecutive generations. We find appreciable variation in genetic effects on flowering time across both time and space; the greatest differences evident between populations. Structural variants, such as inversions, and genes from multiple flowering time pathways exhibit the strongest associations with flowering time. It is also clear that genotype-by-environment interactions are an important influence on flowering time variation.

scholarly journals A multi-locus association analysis method integrating phenotype and expression data reveals multiple novel associations to flowering time variation in wild-collected Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Zan ◽  
Örjan Carlborg
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Candidate Loci

AbstractWhen a species adapts to a new habitat, selection for the fitness traits often result in a confounding between genome-wide genotype and adaptive alleles. It is a major statistical challenge to detect such adaptive polymorphisms if the confounding is strong, or the effects of the adaptive alleles are weak. Here, we describe a novel approach to dissect polygenic traits in natural populations. First, candidate adaptive loci are identified by screening for loci that are directly associated to the trait or control the expression of genes known to affect it. Then, the multi-locus genetic architecture is inferred using a backward elimination association analysis across all the candidate loci using an adaptive false-discovery rate based threshold. Effects of population stratification are controlled by corrections for population structure in the pre-screening step and by simultaneously testing all candidate loci in the multi-locus model. We illustrate the method by exploring the polygenic basis of an important adaptive trait, flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana, using public data from the 1,001 genomes project. Our method revealed associations between 33 (29) loci and flowering time at 10 (16)°C in this collection of natural accessions, where standard genome wide association analysis methods detected 5 (3) loci. The 33 (29) loci explained approximately 55 (48)% of the total phenotypic variance of the respective traits. Our work illustrates how the genetic basis of highly polygenic adaptive traits in natural populations can be explored in much greater detail by using new multi-locus mapping approaches taking advantage of prior biological information as well as genome and transcriptome data.

Naturally Occurring Indel Variation in the Brassica nigra COL1 Gene Is Associated With Variation in Flowering Time

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Kruskopf Österberg ◽  
Oksana Shavorskaya ◽  
Martin Lascoux ◽  
Ulf Lagercrantz
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Intergenic Sequence ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Quantitative Trait Nucleotide ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Indel Variation ◽  
Prominent Peak

Abstract Previous QTL mapping identified a Brassica nigra homolog to Arabidopsis thaliana CO as a candidate gene affecting flowering time in B. nigra. Transformation of an A. thaliana co mutant with two different alleles of the B. nigra CO (Bni COa) homolog, one from an early-flowering B. nigra plant and one from a late one, did not show any differential effect of the two alleles on flowering time. The DNA sequence of the coding region of the two alleles was also identical, showing that nucleotide variation influencing flowering time must reside outside the coding region of Bni COa. In contrast, the nucleotide sequence of the B. nigra COL1 (Bni COL1) gene located 3.5 kb upstream of Bni COa was highly diverged between the alleles from early and late plants. One indel polymorphism in the Bni COL1 coding region, present in several natural populations of B. nigra, displayed a significant association with flowering time within a majority of these populations. These data indicate that a quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) affecting flowering time is located within or close to the Bni COL1 gene. The intergenic sequence between Bni COL1 and Bni COa displayed a prominent peak of divergence 1 kb downstream of the Bni COL1 coding region. This region could contain regulatory elements for the downstream Bni COa gene. Our data suggest that a naturally occurring QTN for flowering time affects the function or expression of either Bni COL1 or Bni COa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document