scholarly journals Bony labyrinth morphometry reveals hidden diversity in lungless salamanders (Family Plethodontidae): Structural correlates of ecology, development, and vision in the inner ear

Evolution ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2135-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Capshaw ◽  
Daphne Soares ◽  
Catherine E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Bony Labyrinth

scholarly journals A Third Labyrinthine Window: An Overview of Perilymph and Labyrinthine Fistulae and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Inner Ear Fluids ◽  
Canal Dehiscence

ABSTRACT The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony labyrinth and surrounded by perilymph. The only two ‘potentially yielding’ parts of the otherwise solid bony labyrinth are the oval and round windows, which by their relative movements, pressure differentials and resilience are responsible for all the functions attributed to the inner ear. In pathologies, such as trauma, infection or occasionally congenital dehiscence, there may develop a ‘third window’ that may serve as an abnormal communication for the inner ear fluids and manifest with audiovestibular symptoms. Three such distinct entities have been identified, namely ‘superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, perilymphatic fistulae and labyrinthine fistulae’. This overview intends to discuss these above-mentioned entities, as regards their characteristic presentations and principles of management. How to cite this article Hathiram BT, Khattar VS. A Third Labyrinthine Window: An Overview of Perilymph and Labyrinthine Fistulae and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence. Otorhinolaryngol Clin Int J 2012;4(2):100-105.

Inner ear pathology in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Igarashi ◽  
Austin I. King ◽  
C. Willy Schwenzfeier ◽  
Tsuneo Watanabe ◽  
Bobby R. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Congenital Form ◽  
Basal Zone ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Congenita

AbstractThis temporal bone report describes the inner ear deformities which were found in addition to the bony pathology in a case of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita. The labyrinthine pathology includes anomalously positioned and enlarged vestibular spaces, the existence of a scala communis (on one side) and the existence of hematoxylin dark-stained material in the basal zone of the stria vascularis.The appearance of temporal bone reports of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita is sporadic. Friedmann (1974)described changes in the bony capsule in one case of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita Zajtchul and Lindsay(1975)reported three cases of the congenital form of osteogenesis imperfecta with their temporal bone findings. Within recent years, Altmann reported three cases in 1962, Bretlau and Jorgensen reported one case in 1969, Bergstrom and others reported one case in 1972, and Bergstrom described the temporal bone findings in four infants in 1977. The pathologic description of the temporal bone in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita has been focused more or less on the structures of the bony labyrinth and the middle ear ossicles, with a brief description of the inner ear. In this report, we describe anomalous inner ear structures in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita.

scholarly journals Endocast and bony labyrinth of a stem gnathostome shed light on the earliest diversification of jawed vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-an Zhu ◽  
Sam Giles ◽  
Gavin Young ◽  
Yuzhi Hu ◽  
Mohamad Bazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Fossil Fish ◽  
Radical Revision ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractOur understanding of the earliest evolution of jawed vertebrates depends on a credible phylogenetic assessment of the jawed stem gnathostomes collectively known as ‘placoderms’. However, their relationships, and even whether ‘placoderms’ represent a single radiation or a paraphyletic array, remain contentious. Here we describe the endocranial cavity and inner ear of Brindabellaspis stensioi, commonly recovered as a taxon of uncertain affinity branching near the base of ‘placoderms’. While some features of its braincase and endocast resemble those of jawless vertebrates, its inner ear displays a repertoire of crown gnathostome characters. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses suggest that established hypotheses of ‘placoderm’ relationships are unstable, with newly-revealed anatomy pointing to a potentially radical revision of early gnathostome evolution. Our results call into question the appropriateness of fusiform ‘placoderms’ as models of primitive gnathostome anatomy and raise questions of homology relating to key cranial features.One Sentence SummaryThe skull of a 400-million-year old fossil fish suggests that hypotheses of early jawed vertebrate relationships might have to be turned on their head.

Immunolocalization of aquaporin CHIP in the guinea pig inner ear

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. C1450-C1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Stankovic ◽  
J. C. Adams ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes

Aquaporin CHIP (AQP-CHIP) is a water channel protein previously identified in red blood cells and water transporting epithelia. The inner ear is an organ of hearing and balance whose normal function depends critically on maintenance of fluid homeostasis. In this study, AQP-CHIP, or a close homologue, was found in specific cells of the inner ear, as assessed by immunocytochemistry with the use of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against AQP-CHIP.AQP-CHIP was predominantly found in fibrocytes in close association with bone, including most of the cells lining the bony labyrinth and in fibrocytes lining the endolymphatic duct and sac. AQP-CHIP-positive cells not directly apposing bone include cells under the basilar membrane, some type III fibrocytes of the spiral ligament, fibrocytes of the spiral limbus, and the trabecular perilymphatic tissue extending from the membranous to the bony labyrinth. AQP-CHIP was also found in the periosteum of the middle ear and cranial bones, as well as in chondrocytes of the oval window and stapes. The distribution of AQP-CHIP in the inner ear suggests that AQP-CHIP may have special significance for maintenance of bone and the basilar membrane, and for function of the spiral ligament.

Labyrinthine sequestration secondary to auditory implantation: report of two cases and review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Warner ◽  
N Eze ◽  
S Connor ◽  
D Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Infective Complications

AbstractBackground:Auditory implantation into the inner ear is increasingly performed for a variety of indications. Infective complications are rare, but when they occur they can have devastating consequences.Case reports:This paper reports two cases where vestibular sequestration of the bony labyrinth developed following implantation into the middle ear.Conclusion:To the authors' knowledge, these are the first reported cases where vestibular sequestration has resulted from auditory implant surgery. This paper outlines the radiological changes characteristic of this pathology. It also describes the surgical and conservative treatment options for this condition, challenging the previously accepted belief that affected patients always require aggressive surgical intervention.

Role of Spatial Integration in the Morphology of the Bony Labyrinth in Modern Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Le Maître
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Geometrical Constraints

The bony labyrinth corresponds to the osseous wall of the inner ear, the hearing and balance organ located in the petrous pyramids, in the base of the cranium. The morphology of the labyrinth reflects phylogenetic and ecological signals. In hominoid primates, it is also influenced by its anatomical environment. The aim of this study is to determine whether, in the species Homo sapiens, the morphological relationships between the labyrinth and the skull result from geometrical constraints linked to equilibrioception, or from spatial constraints due to the inclusion of the inner ear in the petrous bone. Based on CT-scans of the skulls of adult individuals (n=30), two sets of 22 landmarks each were placed on the labyrinth and on the basicranium. The covariations between these two sets were investigated using twoblock partial least squares (2B-PLS) analyses. The shape of the labyrinth is significantly correlated with the cranial base, but not with the isolated temporal bone. This indicates that the morphology of the labyrinth mainly results from functional constraints. However, several observations suggest that spatial constraints also have an influence, especially on the cochlea. The associated changes in shape are consistent with the ontogenetic trend, but differ slightly from the phylogenetic trend. These covariations caution against exclusively ecological interpretations of the morphology of the labyrinth.

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