Immunolocalization of aquaporin CHIP in the guinea pig inner ear

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. C1450-C1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Stankovic ◽  
J. C. Adams ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes

Aquaporin CHIP (AQP-CHIP) is a water channel protein previously identified in red blood cells and water transporting epithelia. The inner ear is an organ of hearing and balance whose normal function depends critically on maintenance of fluid homeostasis. In this study, AQP-CHIP, or a close homologue, was found in specific cells of the inner ear, as assessed by immunocytochemistry with the use of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against AQP-CHIP.AQP-CHIP was predominantly found in fibrocytes in close association with bone, including most of the cells lining the bony labyrinth and in fibrocytes lining the endolymphatic duct and sac. AQP-CHIP-positive cells not directly apposing bone include cells under the basilar membrane, some type III fibrocytes of the spiral ligament, fibrocytes of the spiral limbus, and the trabecular perilymphatic tissue extending from the membranous to the bony labyrinth. AQP-CHIP was also found in the periosteum of the middle ear and cranial bones, as well as in chondrocytes of the oval window and stapes. The distribution of AQP-CHIP in the inner ear suggests that AQP-CHIP may have special significance for maintenance of bone and the basilar membrane, and for function of the spiral ligament.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Cochlea Based on Micro-CT and Histological Images of the Human Inner Ear

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Bellos ◽  
George Rigas ◽  
Ioannis F. Spiridon ◽  
Athanasios Bibas ◽  
Dimitra Iliopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Histological Images

The study of the normal function and pathology of the inner ear has unique difficulties as it is inaccessible during life and, so, conventional techniques of pathologic studies such as biopsy and surgical excision are not feasible, without further impairing function. Mathematical modelling is therefore particularly attractive as a tool in researching the cochlea and its pathology. The first step towards efficient mathematical modelling is the reconstruction of an accurate three dimensional (3D) model of the cochlea that will be presented in this paper. The high quality of the histological images is being exploited in order to extract several sections of the cochlea that are not visible on the micro-CT (mCT) images (i.e., scala media, spiral ligament, and organ of Corti) as well as other important sections (i.e., basilar membrane, Reissner membrane, scala vestibule, and scala tympani). The reconstructed model is being projected in the centerline of the coiled cochlea, extracted from mCT images, and represented in the 3D space. The reconstruction activities are part of the SIFEM project, which will result in the delivery of an infrastructure, semantically interlinking various tools and libraries (i.e., segmentation, reconstruction, and visualization tools) with the clinical knowledge, which is represented by existing data, towards the delivery of a robust multiscale model of the inner ear.

scholarly journals The Biophysical Function of the Human Eardrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Auditory Ossicles ◽  
Hearing System

The hearing analyzer consists of two main systems: the peripheral hearing system, formed of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear and the central hearing system, which contains the nervous pathways which ensure the transmission of the nervous influx and the hearing area where the information is analyzed and the hearing sensation is generated. The peripheral hearing system achieves the functions of transmission of the sound vibration, the analysis of the acoustic signal and the transformation of the acoustic signal in nervous inflow and the generation of the nervous response. The human hearing is characteristics: 1. The eardrum vibrates from the sound waves; 2. Auditory ossicles amplify the stimulus; 3. In an oval window, the vibration is transmitted to the fluid space of the inner ear; 4. It vibrates the basilar membrane; 5. What is pressed against the membrane tectoria; 6. The stereocilliums of the hair cell bend, ion channels open; 7. Hair cell depolarizes; 8. Stimulus is dissipated in cerebrospinal fluid VIII (vestibulo¬cochlearis); 9. Temporal lobe primary auditory cortex (Brodman 41, 42); 10. Association pathways: speech comprehension (Wernicke area).

The localization and specificity of guinea pig inner ear antigenic epitopes

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Yu Cao ◽  
Michel Gersdorff ◽  
Naïma Deggouj ◽  
Jean-Paul Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Antigenic Epitope ◽  
Acoustic Nerve ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antigenic Epitopes

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the relative localization of some antigenic epitopes in the inner ear. The inner ear protein antigens were extracted from various parts of the guinea pig inner ear. Brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver extracts were also obtained. We found by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that total inner ear extracts separated into three high concentration polypeptide bands with molecular weights of approximately 30, 42, 58 kd and three low density bands of 20,25 and 35 kd. The 30 kd band was found mainly in the extract of the spiral ganglion and the acoustic nerve in the modiolus. The 42 and 58 kd bands were detected in the extract of the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis. The Organ of Corti and the basilar membrane extract gave rise to three bands of 30,42 and 58 kd. Twenty-eight of the 75 sera from patients with inner ear disease reacted with the 30 and 58 kd bands of the inner ear protein extracts by immunoblotting. Sixteen of these 28 positive sera were then used to probe immunoblots of the brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver extracts. The 58 kd band was also found in protein extracts of the brain, the lung and the liver. This study suggests that the 30 kd antigenic epitope may be mainly related to the acoustic nerve and that the 58 kd antigenic epitope is not cochlear specific.

Developmental changes in cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes of rat inner ear

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S157
Author(s):  
Reiko Nagashima ◽  
Hideki Mutai ◽  
Tatsuo Matsunaga ◽  
Kiyokazu Ogita
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes

scholarly journals Targeted Deletion of Loxl3 by Col2a1-Cre Leads to Progressive Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Liu ◽  
Xinfeng Bai ◽  
Peifeng Wan ◽  
Fan Mo ◽  
Ge Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Collagens are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that play an essential role in the structure of the inner ear and provide elasticity and rigidity when the signals of sound are received and transformed into electrical signals. LOXL3 is a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family that are copper-dependent amine oxidases, generating covalent cross-links to stabilize polymeric elastin and collagen fibers in the ECM. Biallelic missense variant of LOXL3 was found in Stickler syndrome with mild conductive hearing loss. However, available information regarding the specific roles of LOXL3 in auditory function is limited. In this study, we showed that the Col2a1-Cre-mediated ablation of Loxl3 in the inner ear can cause progressive hearing loss, degeneration of hair cells and secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. The abnormal distribution of type II collagen in the spiral ligament and increased inflammatory responses were also found in Col2a1–Loxl3–/– mice. Amino oxidase activity exerts an effect on collagen; thus, Loxl3 deficiency was expected to result in the instability of collagen in the spiral ligament and the basilar membrane, which may interfere with the mechanical properties of the organ of Corti and induce the inflammatory responses that are responsible for the hearing loss. Overall, our findings suggest that Loxl3 may play an essential role in maintaining hearing function.

scholarly journals The Biophysical Function of the Human Inner Ear

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Auditory Nerves ◽  
Auditory Ossicles

The ear transforms soft mechanical vibration of air particles into electrical signals, which reach the appropriate part of the cerebral cortex for processing by means of auditory nerves. The process of the hearing is next: the eardrum vibrates from the sound waves; auditory ossicles amplify the stimulus; in an oval window, the vibration is transmitted to the fluid space of the inner ear; iIt vibrates the basilar membrane; what is pressed against the membrane tectoria; the stereocilliums of the hair cell bend, ion channels open; hair cell depolarizes; stimulus is dissipated in cerebrospinal fluid VIII (vestibulocochlearis); temporal lobe primary auditory cortex (Brodman 41, 42); association pathways: speech comprehension (Wernicke area). For the rising prevalence of psychoses (mental disorders) in the last decades among towns­people, these stimuli – as compared to the abandoned environment – and the adaptation to them may also play a definite role. The man, therefore, enjoying worths and conveniences of the civilization has to size every opportunity to get into the open, to compensate the monotony of the external stimuli, in a word, to grant his organism those stimuli which he claims as a biological creature. This human demand – it seems – is such a great physiological need that our organism cannot be without even in the evening. At least this turns out according to the researches relating sleep and dreaming.

Intervention of Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes in the Metabolic Regulation of the Inner Ear

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón García Berrocal ◽  
Iván Méndez-Benegassi ◽  
Cristina Martín ◽  
Rafael Ramírez Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes

Identification and characterization of an L-type Cav1.2 channel in spiral ligament fibrocytes of gerbil inner ear

2004 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghe Liang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Bradley A. Schulte ◽  
Cungui Mao ◽  
Chunyan Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes

Finite Element Model of Human Cochlea Considering of the Helicotrema Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fu Xu ◽  
Na Ta ◽  
Zhu Shi Rao ◽  
Jia Bin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cochlear Duct ◽  
Human Cochlea ◽  
Set Up

A 2-D finite element model of human cochlea is established in this paper. This model includes the structure of oval window, round window, basilar membrane and cochlear duct which is filled with fluid. The basilar membrane responses are calculated with sound input on the oval window membrane. In order to study the effects of helicotrema on basilar membrane response, three different helicotrema dimensions are set up in the FE model. A two-way fluid-structure interaction numerical method is used to compute the responses in the cochlea. The influence of the helicotrema is acquired and the frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane motion along the cochlear duct is predicted. These results agree with the experiments and indicate much better results are obtained with appropriate helicotrema size.

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