scholarly journals Artificial mosaic brain evolution of relative telencephalon size improves inhibitory control abilities in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata )

Evolution ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegni Triki ◽  
Stephanie Fong ◽  
Mirjam Amcoff ◽  
Niclas Kolm
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

scholarly journals Rapid mosaic brain evolution under artificial selection for relative telencephalon size in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata )

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fong ◽  
Björn Rogell ◽  
Mirjam Amcoff ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

scholarly journals Rapid mosaic brain evolution under artificial selection for relative telencephalon size in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fong ◽  
Björn Rogell ◽  
Mirjam Amcoff ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

The vertebrate brain displays enormous morphological variation and the quest to understand the evolutionary causes and consequences of this variation has spurred much research. The mosaic brain evolution hypothesis, stating that brain regions can evolve relatively independently, is an important idea in this research field. Here we provide experimental support for this hypothesis through an artificial selection experiment in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). After four generations of selection on relative telencephalon volume (relative to brain size) in replicated up-selected, down-selected and control-lines, we found substantial changes in telencephalon size, but no changes in other regions. Comparisons revealed that up-selected lines had larger telencephalon while down-selected lines had smaller telencephalon than wild Trinidadian populations. No cost of increasing telencephalon size was detected in offspring production. Our results support that independent evolutionary changes in specific brain regions through mosaic brain evolution can be important facilitators of cognitive evolution.

scholarly journals Artificial mosaic brain evolution of relative telencephalon size improves cognitive performance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegni Triki ◽  
Stephanie Fong ◽  
Mirjam Amcoff ◽  
Niclas Kolm
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Evolution ◽  
Transparent Barrier ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution ◽  
The Brain

The telencephalon is a brain region believed to have played an essential role during cognitive evolution in vertebrates. However, till now, all the evidence on the evolutionary association between telencephalon size and cognition stem from comparative studies. To experimentally investigate the potential evolutionary association between cognitive abilities and telencephalon size, we used male guppies artificially selected for large and small telencephalon relative to the rest of the brain. In a detour task, we tested a functionally important aspect of executive cognitive ability; inhibitory control abilities. We found that males with larger telencephalon outperformed males with smaller telencephalon. They showed faster improvement in performance during detour training and were more successful in reaching the food reward without touching the transparent barrier. Together, our findings provide the first experimental evidence showing that evolutionary enlargements of relative telencephalon size confer cognitive benefits, supporting an important role for mosaic brain evolution during cognitive evolution.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture supports mosaic brain evolution and independent brain–body size regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinmar Hager ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Glenn D. Rosen ◽  
Robert W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Size Regulation ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

The effect of experience and olfactory cue in an inhibitory control task in guppies, Poecilia reticulata

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Santacà ◽  
Melania Busatta ◽  
Beste Başak Savaşçı ◽  
Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato ◽  
Angelo Bisazza
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Olfactory Cue

Predation impacts brain allometry and offspring production in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Vega-Trejo ◽  
David Joseph Mitchell ◽  
Catarina Vila Pouca ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
The Impact

Survivorship under predation exerts strong selection on reproductive traits as well as on brain anatomy of prey. However, how exactly predation and brain evolution are linked has not been resolved as current empirical evidence is inconclusive. This may be due to predation pressure having different effects across life stages and/or due to confounding factors in ecological comparisons of predation pressure. Here, we used adult guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to experimentally test the impact of a period of strong predation on brain anatomy and reproduction of surviving individuals. We compared the survivors to control fish, which were exposed to visual and olfactory predator cues but could not be predated on, and found that predation impacted the relative size of female brains. This effect was dependent on body size as larger female survivors showed relatively larger brains, while smaller survivors showed relatively smaller brains when compared to control animals. There were no differences in male relative brain size between the treatments, nor for any specific relative brain region sizes for either sex. Moreover, survivors produced more offspring, but did not show shorter interbrood intervals than controls. Our results corroborate the important, yet complex, role of predation as an important factor behind variation in brain anatomy.

Size constraints and sensory adaptations affect mosaic brain evolution in paper wasps (Vespidae: Epiponini)

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean O’Donnell ◽  
Susan J Bulova ◽  
Meghan Barrett ◽  
Katherine Fiocca
Keyword(s):  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Paper Wasps ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Sensory Adaptations ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

scholarly journals Behavioral evolution contributes to hindbrain diversification among Lake Malawi cichlid fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. York ◽  
Allie Byrne ◽  
Kawther Abdilleh ◽  
Chinar Patil ◽  
Todd Streelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

AbstractThe evolutionary diversification of animal behavior is often associated with changes in the structure and function of nervous systems. Such evolutionary changes arise either through alterations of individual neural components (“mosaically”) or through scaling of the whole brain (“concertedly”). Here we show that the evolution of a courtship behavior in Malawi cichlid fish is associated with rapid, extensive, and specific diversification of orosensory, gustatory centers in the hindbrain. We find that hindbrain volume varies significantly between species that build pit (depression) compared to castle (mound) type bowers and that this trait is evolving rapidly among castle-building species. Molecular analyses of neural activity via immediate early gene expression indicate a functional role for hindbrain structures during bower building. Finally, comparisons of bower building species in neighboring Lake Tanganyika suggest parallel patterns of neural diversification to those in Lake Malawi. Our results suggest that mosaic brain evolution via alterations to individual brain structures is more extensive and predictable than previously appreciated.

Primate mosaic brain evolution reflects selection on sensory and cognitive specialization

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. DeCasien ◽  
James P. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

scholarly journals Behavioral evolution drives hindbrain diversification among Lake Malawi cichlid fish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. York ◽  
Allie Byrne ◽  
Kawther Abdhilleh ◽  
Chinar Patil ◽  
J. Todd Streelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

AbstractThe evolutionary diversification of animal behavior is often associated with changes in the structure and function of nervous systems. Such evolutionary changes arise either through alterations of individual neural components (“mosaically”) or through scaling of the whole brain (“conceitedly”). Here we show that the evolution of a specific courtship behavior in Malawi cichlid fish, the construction of mating nests known as bowers, is associated with rapid, extensive, and specific diversification of orosensory, gustatory centers in the hindbrain. We find that hindbrain volume varies significantly between species that build pit (depression) compared to castle (mound) type bowers and that hindbrain features evolve rapidly and independently of phylogeny among castle-building species. Using immediate early gene expression, we confirmed a functional role for hindbrain structures during bower building. Comparisons of bower building species in neighboring Lake Tanganyika show patterns of neural diversification parallel to those in Lake Malawi. Our results suggest that mosaic brain evolution via alterations to individual brain structures is more extensive and predictable than previously appreciated.

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