The role of microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing micro-organisms in producing banded iron formations

Geobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Chan ◽  
D. Emerson ◽  
G. W. Luther
Keyword(s):  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Iron Formations

scholarly journals Microbial processes during deposition and diagenesis of Banded Iron Formations

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin L. Dreher ◽  
Manuel Schad ◽  
Leslie J. Robbins ◽  
Kurt O. Konhauser ◽  
Andreas Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Iron Cycling ◽  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Iron Formations ◽  
Chemical Sediments

AbstractBanded Iron Formations (BIFs) are marine chemical sediments consisting of alternating iron (Fe)-rich and silica (Si)-rich bands which were deposited throughout much of the Precambrian era. BIFs represent important proxies for the geochemical composition of Precambrian seawater and provide evidence for early microbial life. Iron present in BIFs was likely precipitated in the form of Fe3+ (Fe(III)) minerals, such as ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)3), either through the metabolic activity of anoxygenic photoautotrophic Fe2+ (Fe(II))-oxidizing bacteria (photoferrotrophs), by microaerophilic bacteria, or by the oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) by O2 produced by early cyanobacteria. However, in addition to oxidized Fe-bearing minerals such as hematite (FeIII2O3), (partially) reduced minerals such as magnetite (FeIIFeIII2O4) and siderite (FeIICO3) are found in BIFs as well. The presence of reduced Fe in BIFs has been suggested to reflect the reduction of primary Fe(III) minerals by dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, or by metamorphic (high pressure and temperature) reactions occurring in presence of buried organic matter. Here, we present the current understanding of the role of Fe-metabolizing bacteria in the deposition of BIFs, as well as competing hypotheses that favor an abiotic model for BIF deposition. We also discuss the potential abiotic and microbial reduction of Fe(III) in BIFs after deposition. Further, we review the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. P and Ni) and their implications on early Earth biogeochemistry. Overall, the combined results of various ancient seawater analogue experiments aimed at assessing microbial iron cycling pathways, coupled with the analysis of the BIF rock record, point towards a strong biotic influence during BIF genesis.

Review Lecture - Ore-deposition through geological time

1978 ◽  
Vol 362 (1710) ◽  
pp. 305-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Iron Formations ◽  
Ore Deposition

Economic mineral deposits represent abnormal concentrations of metals which must be regarded as records of unusual geological events. The recognition of any long-term changes in styles of mineralization must depend on the identification of anomalies within the geological régimes characteristic of successive stages of the Earth’s history. This question will be discussed in relation to recent developments in the Earth sciences. The recognition of structural and chemical inhomogeneities in the lithospheric mantle suggests that mapping of mantle age-provinces may become possible; such studies bear on the significance of certain metallogenic provinces. Coordinated geochemical, structural and palaeomagnetic studies which are throwing light on the evolution of early tectonic systems should help to illuminate the significance of changes in style of mineralization at the Archaean/Proterozoic boundary, as well as the distribution of some types of Proterozoic deposits. Geochemical evidence concerning the changing rôle of organic processes in sedimentation and diagenesis has a bearing on the origin of sedimentary ores, especially over the controversial period characterized by accumulation of banded iron-formations.

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

THE ROLE OF SILICA IN IRON FORMATIONS: TEXTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL COMPARISONS FROM LOW METAMORPHIC GRADE NEOARCHEAN AND PALEOPROTEROZOIC EXAMPLES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latisha Ashley Brengman ◽  
◽  
Esther K. Stewart ◽  
Danielle Stolze ◽  
Emily Faust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metamorphic Grade ◽  
Iron Formations

A review of the role of oligotrophic micro-organisms in biodeterioration

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wainwright ◽  
Tasneem Adam Ali ◽  
F. Barakah
Keyword(s):  
Micro Organisms

Mannose-binding lectin genetics: from A to Z

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Garred
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mannose Binding Lectin ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Binding Lectin

MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is primarily a liver-derived collagen-like serum protein. It binds sugar structures on micro-organisms and on dying host cells and is one of the four known mediators that initiate activation of the complement system via the lectin pathway. Common variant alleles situated both in promoter and structural regions of the human MBL gene (MBL2) influence the stability and the serum concentration of the protein. Epidemiological studies have suggested that genetically determined variations in MBL serum concentrations influence the susceptibility to and the course of different types of infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but this is still a subject under discussion. The fact that these genetic variations are very frequent, indicates a dual role of MBL. This overview summarizes the current molecular understanding of human MBL2 genetics.

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