Individual size distributions across North American streams vary with local temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. F. Pomeranz ◽  
James R. Junker ◽  
Jeff S. Wesner
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Local Temperature ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Individual Size

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of pollution aerosol particles transported from North America to Greenland as measured during the POLARCAT summer campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11771-11808 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Quennehen ◽  
A. Schwarzenboeck ◽  
J. Schmale ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
H. Sodemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
North American ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Accumulation Mode ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Aitken Mode

Abstract. Within the framework of the POLARCAT-France campaign, aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties over Greenland were measured onboard the French ATR-42 research aircraft. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was used to determine air mass origins. The study focuses particularly on the characterization of air masses transported from the North American continent. Air masses that picked up emissions from Canadian and Alaskan boreal forest fires as well as from the cities on the American east coast were identified and selected for a detailed study. Measurements of CO concentrations, aerosol chemical composition, aerosol size distributions, aerosol volatile fractions and aerosol light absorption (mainly from black carbon) are used in order to study the relationship between CO enhancement, ageing of the air masses, aerosol particle concentrations and size distributions. Aerosol size distributions are in good agreement with previous studies, even though, wet scavenging potentially occurred along the pathway between the emission sources and Greenland leading to lower concentrations in the aerosol accumulation mode. The measured aerosol size distributions show a significant enhancement of Aitken mode particles. It is demonstrated that the Aitken mode is largely composed of black carbon, while the accumulation mode is more dominated by organics, as deduced from aerosol mass spectrometric AMS and aerosol volatility measurements. Overall, during the campaign rather small amounts of black carbon from the North American continent were transported towards Greenland. An important finding given the potential climate impacts of black carbon in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Growth of Lonicera caerulea across Fertility and Moisture Conditions: Comparisons with Lonicera villosa and Invasive Congeners

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Darren J. Hayes ◽  
Bryan J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Insight Into

Several species of honeysuckle from Europe and Asia have proved to be invasive in North America, with substantial impacts on native ecosystems. Although shrubby honeysuckles of Eurasian origin have appeared on banned plant lists in North America and other parts of the world, cultivars of the edible blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) derived from Eurasian germplasm and marketed as honeyberry, Haskap, or sweetberry honeysuckle have recently been widely developed for agricultural use in North America, with little scrutiny of invasive potential in North America despite its documented invasion of the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. To gain insight into differences in growth strategies among congeners, we compared the growth of Eurasian L. caerulea with that of a closely related congener in North America [Lonicera villosa (Michx.) R. & S.] and two known invasive congeners from Eurasia (Lonicera tatarica L. and Lonicera xylosteum L.). In Expt. 1, L. villosa, L. caerulea, and L. tatarica were grown in #1 nursery containers after top-dressing with Osmocote Pro 17–5–11 4-month controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g CRF/container. Across all fertilizer treatments, L. caerulea outperformed L. villosa by a factor of two for root and shoot dry weights, although L. tatarica produced more growth than either of the others and was more responsive to increasing CRF. However, L. caerulea more strongly resembled L. tatarica in form, producing leaves of greater individual size and producing significantly taller primary stems than L. villosa, evidence for prioritization of competitive growth. In Expt. 2, plants of the same taxa plus L. xylosteum were grown communally in #20 nursery containers, followed by a period in which each container was subjected to regular irrigation, withheld irrigation (dry treatment), or inundation (flooded treatment). Plant growth differed substantially among taxa, but moisture treatments did not affect growth significantly. As in Expt. 1, plants of L. caerulea in Expt. 2 produced greater dry biomass than plants of L. villosa and resembled the invasive Eurasian honeysuckles more strongly in size and form. We conclude Eurasian L. caerulea is distinct in growth rate and morphology from North American L. villosa. In light of these findings, the ecology and competitive ability of Eurasian L. caerulea may not be well predicted by ecological observations of its closely related North American congener.

scholarly journals Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 7593-7658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schmale ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
G. Ancellet ◽  
B. Quennehen ◽  
A. Stohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
June July

Abstract. We deployed an aerosol mass spectrometer during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) summer campaign in Greenland in June/July 2008 on the research aircraft ATR-42. Online size resolved chemical composition data of submicron aerosol were collected up to 7.6 km altitude in the region 60 to 71° N and 40 to 60° W. Biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) plumes originating from North America, Asia, Siberia and Europe were sampled. Transport pathways of detected plumes included advection below 700 hPa, air mass uplifting in warm conveyor belts, and high altitude transport in the upper troposphere. By means of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, trace gas analysis of O3 and CO, particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition 48 pollution events were identified and classified into five chemically distinct categories. Aerosol from North American BB consisted of 22% particulate sulphate, while with increasing anthropogenic and Asian influence aerosol was composed of up to 37% sulphate category mean value. Overall, it was found that the organic matter fraction was larger (85%) in pollution plumes than for background conditions (71%). Despite different source regions and emission types the particle oxygen to carbon ratio of all plume classes was around 1 indicating low-volatile highly oxygenated aerosol. Also the volume size distributions were rather similar for all sampled plume categories. This can be explained by the relatively long transport times of roughly one week from North America and two weeks from Asia/Siberia. The derived aerosol lifetime for North American emissions was about 9 ± 2 days.

scholarly journals Reproduction probabilities and size distributions of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca in the Netherlands and Norway

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Domin Dalessi ◽  
Harm Bolle ◽  
Eelke Jongejans ◽  
Pål Sørensen ◽  
Henk Siepel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Coronella Austriaca ◽  
Individual Size

Abstract Whether females participate in reproduction every year or rather skip years is pivotal information for understanding the dynamics of animal populations. In ectotherms this reproduction frequency might depend on factors like temperature, individual size, and prey availability. Here we studied the reproduction rate of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca at two latitudes: in Norway and The Netherlands. Reproductive and morphological data were collected in Norway (34 years) and The Netherlands (5 years). To account for differential resighting probabilities of pregnant and non-pregnant females, we performed multi-state mark-recapture analyses. Reproductive rate, quantified as the probability of participating in reproduction in consecutive years, was calculated for both pregnant and non-pregnant females. The results showed a clear difference in reproductive rate between the two latitudes, with only 15% of pregnant females reproducing again in the following year in Norway versus 93% in The Netherlands. Furthermore, in Norway females grew larger and started reproduction at a higher age. Litter size and juvenile total length and body mass were also significantly higher in Norwegian smooth snakes.

Multimodality in the individual size distributions of bird communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Thibault ◽  
Ethan P. White ◽  
Allen H. Hurlbert ◽  
S. K. Morgan Ernest
Keyword(s):  
Bird Communities ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Size

scholarly journals Balancing generality and specificity in ecological gradient analysis with species abundance distributions and individual size distributions

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian D. L. Yen ◽  
James R. Thomson ◽  
Jonathan M. Keith ◽  
David M. Paganin ◽  
Erica Fleishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Individual Size
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