Hard seed breakdown patterns of unprocessed forage legume seed sown into dry soil in summer in southern Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
John G. Howieson ◽  
Robert J. Harrison ◽  
Ron J. Yates ◽  
Belinda Hackney ◽  
Angelo Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Legume ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Dry Soil

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. 3. Survival of Rhizobium applied to seed sown into hot, dry soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
LJ Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
High Degree

Seed of four legume species with various forms of lime pelleting and inoculation was sown into hot, dry soil at Katherine, Northern Territory, where it lay dormant for 7-9 weeks before germination commenced. Seedling nodulation was used as the index of inoculant survival. Where the seed was sown at a shallow depth, Rhizobium survival was poorer than on seed sown more deeply; this was attributed to the higher temperatures near the soil surface. Rhizobia survived best in those treatments in which peat inoculant was incorporated within the pellet. Rhizobium meliloti applied to Medicago sativa seed showed a high degree of tolerance of the conditions and seedling nodulation exceeded 90 per cent in several instances. Nodulation of Trifolium pratense and T. rueppellianum never exceeded 50 per cent and little nodulation occurred with Lotus pedunculatus. It is concluded that lime-pelleted Medicago seed with peat inoculant incorporated within the pellet can be sown into hot, dry soil with a strong expectation that the inoculant will survive and the seedlings nodulate.

scholarly journals Possibilities Forage Legume Seed Production in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Aybegün Ton ◽  
Adem Emin Anlarsal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Legume Seed

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. 2. Survival of Rhizobium meliloti applied to medic seed sown into dry soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
New South ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Medicago Littoralis ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Western Division

Seed of Medicago truncatula and Medicago littoralis, with and without lime pelleting and inoculation, was sown dry into medic-free, Rhizobim meliloti-free soils at 12 sites in the Western Division of New South Wales. At the different sites, periods between 1 and 88 days elapsed before germinating rain fell. Seedling nodulation was used as the index of inoculant survival. Nodulation was variable, but the variation was independent of the time between sowing and germination. Best nodulation occurred in treatments in which peat inoculant was incorporated within a lime pellet around the seed. These treatments were superior to others where broth inoculant was incorporated in the pellet or where peat inoculant was applied externally to pelleted or unpelleted seed. Nodulation was improved by incorporating an increased level of peat inoculant in the pellet. In storage, a very low survival rate was recorded in all treatments except those incorporating peat inoculant within the pellet. The results are discussed in relation to the practicalities of pre-inoculation techniques and of sowing inoculated medic seed into dry seed beds.

Recovery of pasture seed ingested by ruminants. 2. Digestion of seed in sacco and in vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neto M Simao ◽  
RM Jones
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Seed Sample ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
In Sacco

Seeds of the grasses Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) and Axonopus afinis (carpet grass), and the legumes Neonotonia wightii cv. Tinaroo, Trifolium semipilosum cv. Safari, Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Seca were suspended in nylon bags in the rumen ofcattle (in sacco) and also subjected to in vitro digestion techniques. Legume seeds were evaluated in 3 categories: seed as supplied (mixture of hard and soft), 100% soft and 100% hard. Seeds were either placed in the rumen of cattle (using nylon bags) for 24, 48 or 96 h or subjected to in vitro digestion (in pepsin, and in rumen liquor or cellulase either with or without subsequent digestion in pepsin). Other seed of the same seed lots had been previously fed to penned cattle, sheep and goats and the recovery in faeces had been measured. Soft legume seed were destroyed by the digestion treatments whereas hard seeds were largely resistant to digestion. Average effects of digestion in vitro on viability were similar to average effects of digestion in nylon bags, but there were large differences between different treatments and between seed lots. The percentage of hard seed in the seed sample was the best guide to the resistance of legume seed to digestion.

Prevalence of the pit and antipit in the genus Glycine

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 986-987
Author(s):  
R. W. Yaklich ◽  
E. L. Vigil ◽  
W. P. Wergin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Glycine Max L

The legume seed coat is the site of sucrose unloading and the metabolism of imported ureides and synthesis of amino acids for the developing embryo. The cell types directly responsible for these functions in the seed coat are not known. We recently described a convex layer of tissue on the inside surface of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed coat that was termed “antipit” because it was in direct opposition to the concave pit on the abaxial surface of the cotyledon. Cone cells of the antipit contained numerous hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and laminated rough endoplasmic reticulum common to actively secreting cells. The initial report by Dzikowski (1936) described the morphology of the pit and antipit in G. max and found these structures in only 68 of the 169 seed accessions examined.

DYNAMICS OF BARLEY FLAVONOID AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UF-A RADIATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
L. I. Goncharova ◽  
P. N. Tsygvintsev ◽  
О. А. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Quantum Energy ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Universal Mechanism

The effect of increased UV-A radiation during the ontogeny of barley plants of the Vladimir variety in the vegetation experiment was studied. Changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde, flavonoids and grain yield were revealed. UV-A radiation as compared to UV-B radiation, has lower quantum energy and can have both positive and negative effects on plant regulatory and photosynthetic processes. One of the most damaging effects of increased levels of UV-A radiation is oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation of biological membranes. The existence of a plant cell in such conditions is possible only thanks to a system of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The accumulation of phenolic compounds under the action of UV radiation is a universal mechanism of protection against photodamage, which was formed in the early stages of the evolution of photoautotrophic organisms. Flavonoids are localized in the epidermis of plant tissues and act as an internal filter. The content of flavonoids is determined by the genotype and due to ontogenetic patterns. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in vessels containing 4.5 kg of air-dry soil. The repetition is threefold (3 vessels in each variant). Sowing density - 13 plants in each vessel. As a source of UV-A radiation used lamps Black Light BLUE company Philips. Plants were irradiated for 5 hours a day from 10 to 15 hours at 13, 25, 34, 43 and 52 stages of organogenesis. The magnitude of the daily biologically effective dose of UV-A radiation was 60.7 kJ / m2. The solar part of the UV spectrum in the vegetation experiment was absent in the greenhouse. The nature of changes in the content of flavonoids under the action of UV-A irradiation during the growing season of plants with the dynamics of the oxidative process has been established. The first maximum was observed during the vegetative growth period, the second - at the earing stage. The data obtained indicate that flavonoids have ontogenetic conditionality and perform photoprotective functions. The increase in their content under the action of UV-A radiation is accompanied by an increase in resistance to photodamage, which is confirmed by the formation of grain yield.

INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION DEGREE OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL ON RESPONSIVENESS OF SOWING PEAS TO NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Harvest Maturity

The article presents the results of a vegetation experiment on studying an effect of increasing doses of nitrogen (factor С - N0; No.o5; No.io; N015; No.2o; N0,25 g/kg of absolutely dry soil) and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological preparation "Risotorphine" (factor В - no inoculation; by inoculation) on the formation of vegetative mass and grain yield ofpeas at cultivating in the conditions of a poorly cultivated (factor A0) and of a medium cultivated (factor A f sod-podzolic soil. Cultivation degree of soil was expressed by such criteria as power of an arable horizon, value of metabolic acidity and content of mobile phosphorus, a degree of saturation of soil with bases. For experience tab there were used Mitscher-lich cups with a capacity of 5 kg of absolutely dry soil (a.d.s.), in 16 repetitions of options. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of vegetation site on the territory of University Scientific Centre "Lipogorie" of FSBEI Perm GATA, guided by a science-based methodology. When harvesting peas for a green mass more intensive development and productivity of plants (23.3 and 58.9, 40.0, 78.8 g/cup, respectively) in the phase of stem branching and budding a beginning offlowering that is recorded for its use on the background of inoculation, usage of mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.10 g/kg on a poorly cultivated soil and 0.15 g/kg a.d.s. on a medium cultivated soil. Applying of higher doses of nitrogen has a depressing effect on development of assimilating surface of pea plants on a poorly and a medium cultivated soil. When raising pea plants before harvest maturity of grain: in the conditions of a poorly cultivated soil for yield at the level of 7.92 g/cup, the process of carrying on only an inoculation of seed with microbial preparation "Rizotorfin" can be considered; in the medium cultivated soil varieties, plant peas impose higher requirements for the level of mineral nutrition the maximum yield in the experiment (which 9.22 g/cup), noted at a combined use of inoculation and mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.20 g/kg a.d.s.

PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN BENIH DAN KELEMBABAN MEDIA TANAM

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Victa Rikumahu ◽  
Jantje Pongoh ◽  
J. M. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dead Shoot

ABSTRACT Research has been implemented as of July 2012, in the  BPSB Laboratory  of North Sulawesi Province i.e.: 1) to test the seed lacking in vigour during the Random Complete Design with three treatments of the various harvest ages, i.e. U1 (90 dasy), U2 (100 days) and U3 (110 days) treatments repeated four times; 2) in the greenhouse to see the amount of the normal, sprouts abnormal, seeds, hard seed and dead, shoot root ratio by using the Random Completed Design with two factors, respectively are : factorial in complete factors of the first different age harvest U1 (90 days), U2 (100 days) and U3 (110 days), the second factor granting of the water with different capacity P1 (3600 ml), P2 (2700 ml), P3 (1800 ml) and P4 (900 ml). Data analysis were found by the various analysis, however if there are different results, it would continue on the Smallest Significant Test. The results showed that, Electric Power Conductivity (EPC) affected by the age of harvest seed corn. The highest EPC at the harvest ages of 90 days and the lowest at 100 days and 110 days. It would be shown that the great value of EPC, the smallest amount of germination. There is no interaction between the age of abnormal seeds, hard seed die, shoot root ratio and high sprouts, but single factor treatment of harvest age and media planting humidity were significantly effected toward sprout normal, abnormal seed, hard seed die, shoot root ratio and high sprouts. Keywords : corn seed, harvest ages, humidity ABSTRAK   Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Juli 2012, penelitian pertama di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian dan Sertifikasi Benih (BPSB) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, untuk menguji vigor benih menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan umur panen yang berbeda: U1 (90 Hari), U2 (100 Hari) dan U3 (110 hari) perlakuan diulang empat kali. Penelitian kedua di Rumah Kaca untuk melihat jumlah kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras,benih mati dan nisbah pupus akar  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap disusun secara faktorial  dengan  2 faktor  masing-masing adalah : faktor pertama : Umur Panen yang berbeda, U1 (90 Hari), U2 (100 Hari) dan U3 (110 hari). faktor kedua pemberian air dengan kapasitas yang berbeda, P1 (3600 ml), P2 (2700 ml), P3 (1800 ml) dan P4 (900 ml). Data yang diperoleh menggunakan analisa ragam dan jika terdapat perbedaan perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil  (BNT). Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah; Daya hantar listrik (DHL) dipengaruhi oleh umur panen benih jagung, DHL tertinggi pada umur panen 90 hari dan yang terendah umur panen 100 dan 110 hari. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin besar nilai DHL semakin kecil jumlah perkecambahan. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara umur panen benih dan kelembaban media tanam terhadap jumlah kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras, benih mati, nisbah pupus akar dan tinggi kecambah tetapi secara tunggal faktor perlakuan umur panen dan kelembaban media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecambah normal, abnormal, benih keras, benih mati, nisbah pupus akar dan tinggi kecambah. Kata kunci : benih jagung, umur panen, kelembaban

Volunteer Legume Control in Legume Seed Crops with Carbon Bands and Herbicides. II. Red Clover and Alfalfa 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Philip Rolston ◽  
W. Orvid Lee ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Traditional Urine-diversion Practices in Sub-urban Hanoi, Vietnam: Replaced or Promoted?

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harada ◽  
N. T. Dong ◽  
S. Matsui ◽  
S. Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Current Practices

Northern Vietnam has a history of using urine diversion (i.e., UD) toilets with agricultural use of excreta. This study tried to identify the current practices of UD toilets in suburban Hanoi, Vietnam. An interview survey to 120 households showed that UD toilets were used by 26.7% of households, of which most were double-vault UD toilets. Human wastes were used by 73.0% of vault toilets. It was interpreted that they are still recognized as not wastes but fertilizers especially by farming households in recent sub-urban Hanoi. Double-vaults UD toilets were used in significantly old houses compared to flush toilets with p<0.001. Results indicated the gradual replacement of double-vault UD toilets by water-flush toilets. All households with vault toilets applied additives such as ashes, dry soil and sawdust into vaults, and 24.3% of them applied ashes after every defecation event. Out of 33 vault toilets, 30 retained faeces for a period longer than six months and 28 did for a period longer than 12 months. Still, the application of ashes after every defecation event can be suggested to enhance the disinfection process in vaults, resulting sanitary use of excreta for agriculture.

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