Assessment of cognitive flexibility in personnel selection: Validity and acceptance of a gamified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Card Sorting ◽

Ability Test ◽

Online Study ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test ◽

Set Shifting Task

The present study contributes to the emerging field of gamification in personnel selection by examining validity and acceptance of the Gamified Set-Shifting Task (GSST), which is based on a well-established neuropsychological test of cognitive flexibility, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results based on a sample of 180 participants in an online study provided preliminary support for construct and criterion-related validity. The GSST was better accepted among test-takers than both the WCST and a cognitive ability test. Overall, the findings suggest that the GSST may be an attractive and valid method to assist organizations in selecting employees who are able to adapt to changing environments.

Analysis of performance on a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for the military

Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics ◽

10.1108/jdal-05-2017-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 34-46

Author(s):

Cardy Moten ◽

Quinn Kennedy ◽

Jonathan Alt ◽

Peter Nesbitt

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Military Officers ◽

Random Errors ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Perseverative Error ◽

Content Type ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Purpose Current Army doctrine stresses a need for military leaders to have the capability to make flexible and adaptive decisions based on a future unknown environment, location and enemy. To assess a military decision maker’s ability in this context, this paper aims to modify the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test which assesses cognitive flexibility, into a military relevant map task. Thirty-four military officers from all service branches completed the map task. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this study was to modify a current psychological task that measures cognitive flexibility into a military relevant task that includes the challenge of overcoming experiential bias, and understand underlying causes of individual variability in the decision-making and cognitive flexibility behavior of active duty military officers on this task. Findings Results indicated that non-perseverative errors were a strong predictor of cognitive flexibility performance on the map task. Decomposition of non-perseverative error into efficient errors and random errors revealed that participants who did not complete the map task changed their sorting strategy too soon within a series, resulting in a high quantity of random errors. Originality/value This study serves as the first step in customizing cognitive psychological tests for a military purpose and understanding why some military participants show poor cognitive flexibility.

Genome-wide association study of cognitive flexibility assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics ◽

10.1002/ajmg.b.32642 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 177 (5) ◽

pp. 511-519

Author(s):

Huiping Zhang ◽

Hang Zhou ◽

Todd Lencz ◽

Lindsay A. Farrer ◽

Henry R. Kranzler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Considerations for using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to assess cognitive flexibility

Behavior Research Methods ◽

10.3758/s13428-021-01551-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Miles ◽

Caitlin A. Howlett ◽

Carolyn Berryman ◽

Maja Nedeljkovic ◽

G. Lorimer Moseley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Brief Report: Cognitive Flexibility and Focused Attention in Children and Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism as Measured on the Computerized Version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-007-0474-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1161-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Nils Kaland ◽

Lars Smith ◽

Erik Lykke Mortensen

Keyword(s):

Asperger Syndrome ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

High Functioning Autism ◽

Focused Attention ◽

Card Sorting ◽

High Functioning ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

The Role of Shifting, Inhibition and Working Memory in Older Adults' Performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512682013-588 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Gamboz ◽

Erika Borella ◽

Maria Antonella Brandimonte

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Working Memory ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Dopaminergic Genes Polymorphisms and Prefrontal Cortex Efficiency Among Obese People - Whether Gender is a Differentiating Factor?

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524019666190424143653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 405-418

Author(s):

Maciej Bieliński ◽

Natalia Lesiewska ◽

Roman Junik ◽

Anna Kamińska ◽

Andrzej Tretyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Variable Number ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Obese People ◽

Perseverative Errors ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Background:Obesity is a chronic condition associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a useful tool for evaluating executive functions. In this study, we assessed the association between dopaminergic gene polymorphisms: DAT1 (SLC6A3), COMTVal158Met, DRD4 (48-bp variable number of tandem repeats - VNTR) and WCST parameters to investigate the functions of the frontal lobes in obese individuals.Objective:To find the significant correlations between polymorphisms of DAT1, COMTVal158Met, DRD4 and executive functions in obese subjects.Methods:The analysis of the frequency of individual alleles was performed in 248 obese patients (179 women, 69 men). Evaluation of the prefrontal cortex function (operating memory and executive functions) was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Separate analyzes were performed in age subgroups to determine different activities and regulation of genes in younger and older participants.Results:Scores of WCST parameters were different in the subgroups of women and men and in the age subgroups. Regarding the COMT gene, patients with A/A and G/A polymorphisms showed significantly better WCST results in WCST_P, WCST_CC and WCST_1st. Regarding DAT1 men with L/L and L/S made less non-perseverative errors, which was statistically significant. In DRD4, significantly better WCST_1st results were found only in older women with S allele.Conclusion:Obtained results indicate the involvement of dopaminergic transmission in the regulation of prefrontal cortex function. Data analysis indicates that prefrontal cortex function may ensue, from different elements such as genetic factors, metabolic aspects of obesity, and hormonal activity (estrogen).