Spatial deprivation: Impact on settlement intentions of eco‐migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijuan Yang ◽  
Xiwu Hu ◽  
Mingji Li ◽  
HakJun Song
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Intentions

scholarly journals What keeps China’s floating population from moving?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Hao ◽  
Shuangshuang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Settlement Intentions ◽  
The City

Research on China’s internal migration has mostly focused on moving rather than staying. Urban destinations of migrants are often seen as discrete points of economic opportunity in space, exerting a magnetic force on the rural population from the countryside. But after commencing their urban lives, rural migrants start to perceive their host cities and towns as places that entail value and meaning, which may encourage them to settle. This paper examines how the settlement intentions of rural migrants vary across urban destinations and socioeconomic backgrounds. A questionnaire survey dataset of 10,896 rural migrants in cities of different tiers in Jiangsu Province is used to unravel the factors that predict rural migrants’ settlement intentions. In addition, interviews with rural migrants and their family members are examined to explore the personal experiences and subjective perceptions that may contribute to their inclinations to settle in the city. Results indicate that the factors which encourage rural migrants to settle differ significantly from those which drive them to migrate. Economic and social resources and a resultant sense of (in)security are the prominent factors affecting rural migrants’ intentions to settle in cities.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Settlement Intentions of Chinese Migrants in Cities: An Analysis of Air Quality and Higher Income Opportunity as Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7432
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Qingfeng Cao ◽  
Muhammad Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
Income Opportunity ◽  
Settlement Intentions

With rapid urbanization, the air pollution issue is becoming an increasingly serious issue given that people are strongly swayed in their location choice to settle down in a growing urban area where most job opportunities have been created. This study investigated the influences of both air quality and income on the settlement intentions of Chinese migrants by using microlevel samples of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data from 2017 and the annual average concentration of PM2.5 (particles with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm in the air) to measure a city’s air quality. The results showed that the settlement decisions of Chinese migrants involved a trade-off between income and air quality. Poorer air quality could significantly decrease the settlement intention, while a higher income could significantly increase the settlement intention of Chinese migrants. However, as the migrants’ income opportunity increased at a location, the negative influence of poorer air quality on the settlement intention at that location gradually declined. Specifically, when deciding whether to settle down in cities, the migrants with a non-agricultural “hukou” (household registration) tended to pay more attention to air quality than the migrants with an agricultural “hukou,” and migrants who moved farther away in geographic distance tended to pay more attention to income. It was concluded that the influences of air quality and income on the settlement intentions of the migrants were robust and consistent after using different estimation methods and considering the issue of endogeneity.

Market mechanisms and migrant settlement intentions in urban China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeqing Huang ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Zhiming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Urban China ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Settlement Intentions

scholarly journals How does air pollution affect urban settlement of the floating population in China? New evidence from a push-pull migration analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Zhao ◽  
Xin Lao ◽  
Hengyu Gu ◽  
Hanchen Yu ◽  
Ping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Settlement Intentions

Abstract Background Severe air pollution in China threatens human health, and its negative impact decreases the urban settlement intentions of migrants in destination cities. We establish a comprehensive framework based on the push-pull migration model to investigate this phenomenon. Methods We employ a logistic model to analyze air pollution’s impact on the settlement intentions of the floating population based on the CMDS 2017 in China, combining the city-level socioeconomic variables with the individual-level variables. Results Our results show that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 increases by 1 unit and that the probability of migrants’ settlement intentions will decrease by 8.7%. Using a heterogeneity analysis, we find that the following migrant groups are more sensitive to air pollution: males, people over 30 years old, less educated people, and migrants with nonagricultural hukou. With every 1 unit increase in PM2.5, each group’s settlement intentions decrease by 13.2, 16.7, 16.9, and 12.6%, respectively. Conclusions Our results are consistent with existing studies. This study discovers that both external environment and internal factors influence migrants’ settlement intentions. Specifically, the differences in population sizes, economic development levels, public services, infrastructure conditions, and environmental regulations between cities play a significant role in migration decisions. We also confirm heterogeneous sensitivities to air pollution of different migrant subgroups in terms of individual characteristics, family factors, migration features, social and economic attributes.

Welfare migration or migrant selection? Social insurance participation and rural migrants’ intentions to seek permanent urban settlement in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802093615
Author(s):  
Shenghua Xie ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Veli-Matti Ritakallio ◽  
Xiangming Leng
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Selectivity Bias ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Migrant Selectivity ◽  
Settlement Intentions

The welfare system can be a crucial factor in the urban settlement of rural migrants, but its effects are difficult to determine because to do so one must distinguish the effect of welfare entitlement from the effect of ‘migrant selectivity bias’, which widely exists in cities in developing countries. Using survey data from 15 Chinese cities, this study examines the ways in which social insurance – the most critical social welfare package in China – affects rural migrants’ urban-settlement intentions. The results show that there is a ‘migrant selectivity bias’ in Chinese cities, that is, rural migrants who are better off socio-economically are more inclined to participate in social insurance and are more inclined to pursue permanent urban settlement. Meanwhile, social insurance participation is significantly and positively related to rural migrants’ urban-settlement intentions, and this positive relation remains even after we discount the effect of ‘migrant selectivity bias’ in the analysis. We argue that, for rural migrants in China, the effect of social insurance participation on urban settlement intentions closely resembles that experienced by those who move to migration-managed regimes. We conclude that the Chinese government should establish a more inclusive social welfare system to enable rural migrants to permanently settle in cities.

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