Skin structure in six dragonet species (Gobiesociformes; Callionymidae): interspecific differences in glandular cell types and mucus secretion

Water drift and tidal rise make the use of bonding mechanisms beneficial for small benthopelagic or interstitial marine animals. Chemical adhesives for attachment are very common in molluscs; however, only a few cephalopods have glue producing organs. The family Idiosepiidae is characterized by an epithelial adhesive organ (AO) located on the posterior part of the dorsal mantle area. Previous morphological and histological studies described three non-glandular cell types (basal, interstitial and fusiform cells) and three glandular cell types (goblet, columnar and granular cells) containing protein and carbohydrate components. However, these studies provide different information about the nomenclature and characteristics of the cell types. The present ultrastructural analyses and a 3D reconstruction of the AO ofIdiosepius pygmaeusandIdiosepius biserialistherefore serve to investigate the cell distribution, the fine structure of the cells and possible interactions between the cells.We found that basal cells form a continuous cell layer along the basal membrane, overlapped by the other epithelial cells. Embedded in microvilli-covered interstitial cells the glandular cells are more or less evenly distributed within the AO. Goblet and granular cells are solitary glandular cells without conspicuous morphological characteristics, whereas the columnar cells are arranged in dense aggregations of 5–15 cells. Each columnar cell is enclosed by a narrow supporting interstitial cell which contains dense longitudinal filament strands. The secretory process of the cells in the aggregation is synchronized. Each columnar cell aggregate bears approximately two ciliated sensory fusiform cells. The fusiform cells are connected to a neuronal network, aligned along the epithelium base.The results suggest that the bonding system is affected by two secretory cell types (granular and columnar cells). Both are similar in content, synthesis and secretory process but columnar cells are embedded in a particular cell environment. It is unclear in what way this arrangement is associated with the function of the AO. The neurons in several parts of the AO point to a neuronal control of the bonding mechanism. Comparisons with the AO cells of other cephalopods provide no indications for a morphological relationship between the adhesive systems.

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A novel epidermal gland type in lizards (α-gland): structural organization, histochemistry, protein profile and phylogenetic origins

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa140 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

André L G Carvalho ◽

Adriana M Jeckel ◽

Carolina Nisa ◽

María Celeste Luna ◽

Carla Piantoni

Keyword(s):

Protein Profile ◽

Cell Types ◽

Glandular Cell ◽

Ultrastructural Organization ◽

General View ◽

Evolutionary Origins ◽

Chemical Signalling ◽

Protein Components ◽

Epidermal Glands ◽

Epidermal Gland

Abstract Chemical signalling is an essential component of the communication system of lizards, and epidermal glands are responsible for producing semiochemicals that regulate many behavioural interactions. Two types of epidermal glands have been previously described for lizards: follicular and generation glands. Generation glands are characterized by the aggregation of novel glandular cell types in the epithelium and the lack of a lumen or external pore. Despite the fact that several subtypes of generation glands have been recognized over the years, the morphology, taxonomic distribution, function and evolutionary origins of generation glands remain nearly unexplored in Neotropical clades. Here, we describe a novel escutcheon-type generation gland (‘α-gland’) for lizards of the South American family Tropiduridae, characterize its structural and ultrastructural organization, and study the homology of the constituent parts in a phylogenetic framework. The α-glands emerged in the ancestor of Eurolophosaurus, Plica, Strobilurus, Tropidurus and Uracentron, and are found in at least 39 species with diverse ecological habits. We preliminarily analysed the protein profile of α-glands and discovered differential expression of protein components between sexes. Our investigations change the general view about epidermal gland homology, leading us to argue that generation and follicular glands are possibly more closely related functionally and evolutionarily than previously thought.

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Aciniccell carcinoma of the salivary glands: clinical and histopathological study of 12 cases

Revista de la Facultad de Odontología ◽

10.25014/revfacodont271.2021.31.3.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 12-23

Author(s):

ME Samar ◽

◽

RE Avila ◽

RV Ferraris ◽

PE Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cell Labeling ◽

World Health ◽

Numerical Code ◽

Glandular Cell ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Low Grade ◽

Epithelial Tumor ◽

Glandular Cells

Objective:Acinic cell carcinoma (CCA) is the third malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary glands in adults; low-grade tumor of malignancy, composed of neoplastic cells with serous acinar differentiation. The objective of this work was to analyze 12 cases of CCA according to their location, clinical characteristics, histological and immunohistochemical pattern and cell types, following the latest classification of the World Health Organization. Methods: The study included 12 cases of CCA from the files of salivary tumor biopsies of our work team, corresponding to the period 1997-2020. A numerical code was used to identify the samples, preserving the identity of the patients. Histological sections of the paraffin-embedded biopsies were evaluated with H/E, PAS and Toluidine blue and immunostained with the monoclonal antibodies pancytokeratin AE1 / AE3, Ki67, MUC-1 and mammaglobin. Results: The most frequent histologic pattern was the solid type as a single pattern or integrated with other patterns of lesser development, with almost exclusive location in the parotid gland and more frequent in women. Cells like normal acinar serocytes predominated in the solid growth pattern. The most frequent cell type in the microcystic patternwas the nonspecific glandular cell together with a lower proportion of acinar and intercalated duct-like cells. The papillary-cystic pattern was lined by nonspecific glandular cells. No clear cells found. With Ki67 a low cell proliferation was demonstrated in all the cases studied. Cell labeling for MUC-1 was grade 1 positive (less than 10% immunoreactive cells) and negative for mammaglobin.Conclusions: Patient follow-up is a priority because CCA tends to recur and metastasize and its behavior can become aggressive. We must deepen the study of its proliferative capacity as a treatment and prognosis tool, especially with immunohistochemistry and standardized molecular biology methods.

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Angiotensinogen, Prorenin, and Renin Are Co-localized in the Secretory Granules of All Glandular Cells of the Rat Anterior Pituitary: An Immunoultrastructural Study

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/002215549804600303 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 301-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Evelyne Vila-Porcile ◽

Pierre Corvol

Keyword(s):

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Secretory Pathway ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Cell Types ◽

Local System ◽

Glandular Cell ◽

Glandular Cells

In addition to the circulating renin–angiotensin system (RAS), a local system has been postulated in the anterior pituitary because immunodetection of its components in various mammalian species. However, different cell types appear to be involved in different species, and there is no general consensus on the subcellular localization of prorenin, renin and angiotensinogen. In this ultrastructural study, we investigated and quantified the presence of these components using double or triple immunogold labeling methods, in all the immunologically identified glandular cell types of the rat anterior pituitary. In contrast to previous reports, all these components were identified not only in lactotropes and gonadotropes but also in somatotropes, corticotropes, and thyrotropes. The highest levels were detected in lactotropes and gonadotropes, and renin gave the greatest signal. Angio-tensinogen, prorenin, and renin were co-localized in the secretory granules of all rat pituitary glandular cell types. The simultaneous detection of the substrate (angiotensinogen) and both its specific cleavage enzyme and its proenzyme within the same granule suggests intragranular processing of this component. Moreover, the localization of these three constituents in the secretory granules also suggests that, in the rat anterior pituitary, they follow the regulated secretory pathway.

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