scholarly journals PARALLEL PHYLOGENIES: RECONSTRUCTING THE HISTORY OF HOST-PARASITE ASSEMBLAGES

Cladistics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic D.M. Page
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

Analysis of parasite host-switching: limitations on the use of phylogenies

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Historical Reconstructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

SUMMARYEven the most generalist parasites usually occur in only a subset of potential host species, a tendency which reflects overriding environmental constraints on their distributions in nature. The periodic shifting of these limitations represented by host-switches may have been an important process in the evolution of many host-parasite assemblages. To study such events, however, it must first be established where and when they have occurred. Past host-switches within a group of parasites are usually inferred from a comparison of the parasite phylogeny with that of the hosts. Congruence between the phylogenies is often attributed to a history of association by descent with cospeciation, and incongruence to host-switching or extinction in ‘duplicated’ parasite lineages (which diverged without a corresponding branching of the host tree). The inference of host-switching from incongrucnt patterns is discussed. Difficulties arise because incongruence can frequently be explained by different combinations of biologically distinct events whose relative probabilities are uncertain. Also, the models of host parasite relationships implicit in historical reconstructions may often not allow for plausible sources of incongruence other than host-switching or duplication/extinction, or for the possibility that colonization could, in some circumstances, be disguised by ‘false’ congruence.

Coevolutionary patterns and diversification of avian malaria parasites in African sunbirds (Family Nectariniidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELVIN J. LAURON ◽  
CLAIRE LOISEAU ◽  
RAURI C. K. BOWIE ◽  
GREG S. SPICER ◽  
THOMAS B. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
East West ◽  
Parasite Assemblages ◽  
Coevolutionary History ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

SUMMARYThe coevolutionary relationships between avian malaria parasites and their hosts influence the host specificity, geographical distribution and pathogenicity of these parasites. However, to understand fine scale coevolutionary host–parasite relationships, robust and widespread sampling from closely related hosts is needed. We thus sought to explore the coevolutionary history of avianPlasmodiumand the widespread African sunbirds, family Nectariniidae. These birds are distributed throughout Africa and occupy a variety of habitats. Considering the role that habitat plays in influencing host-specificity and the role that host-specificity plays in coevolutionary relationships, African sunbirds provide an exceptional model system to study the processes that govern the distribution and diversity of avian malaria. Here we evaluated the coevolutionary histories using a multi-gene phylogeny for Nectariniidae and avianPlasmodiumfound in Nectariniidae. We then assessed the host–parasite biogeography and the structuring of parasite assemblages. We recoveredPlasmodiumlineages concurrently in East, West, South and Island regions of Africa. However, severalPlasmodiumlineages were recovered exclusively within one respective region, despite being found in widely distributed hosts. In addition, we inferred the biogeographic history of these parasites and provide evidence supporting a model of biotic diversification in avianPlasmodiumof African sunbirds.

A new feather mite species of the genus Neumannella Trouessart, 1916 (Analgoidea, Dermoglyphidae) from the Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815) (Aves, Tinamiformes) with remarks to the evolution of host-parasite associations of the genus

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Dabert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Feather Mite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Reconciliation Method ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mite Family

AbstractNeumannella skorackii, a new species of the feather mite family Dermoglyphidae (Acari, Astigmata) is described from the Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815) (Aves, Tinamiformes) from Paraguay and a key to all known species of the genus is provided. The phylogenetic relationships (MP analysis of 25 morphological characters) between Neumannella species along with the evolutionary history of host-parasite associations revealed by Jungle reconciliation method are reconstructed. Relatively low cospeciation contribution to the recent host-parasite associations is discovered.

The effect of trematode parthenitae on the growth of Onoba aculeus, Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Gorbushin ◽  
I.A. Levakin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite

To determine whether modern theories predict snail growth responses to trematode infestation a field growth study of Onoba aculeus, Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata infected with two closely related Microphallidae trematodes was conducted in the White Sea. In each of the three host–parasite combinations studied trematode infection causes inhibition of snail reproduction. However, contrary to the classical interpretation of the gigantic growth of infected snails as a side effect of parasitic castration, the presented study failed to demonstrate that Microphallus piriformes causes gigantism in Littorina. The infection tended to stunt growth in L. obtusata and had no significant effect on growth rate of L. saxatilis. In contrast, gigantic growth was observed in O. aculeus infected with M. pseudopygmaeus. Considering that both trematode species are very similar biologically, the discrepancy is attributed to differences in the life history of the snail's hosts. Onoba aculeus is a relatively short-lived snail (2.5–3 y). The lifespan of L. saxatilis and L. obtusata is much longer (up to 9–11 y). These findings agree with a previously reported ‘energetic’ hypothesis that predicts growth alterations in accordance with life history variations of the snail species.

Biochemical and physiological parameters associated with Trypanosoma evansi prevalence in wild capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Eberhardt ◽  
P.M. Beldomenico ◽  
L.D. Monje ◽  
A.L. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Host Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Parasites can be detrimental to the health of wildlife populations and may negatively affect several aspects of the life history of their hosts. Investigating host health, therefore, is key to understanding important mechanisms of the host–parasite interaction at the individual and population levels. Recently, we reported a prevalence of 10% of Trypanosoma evansi Steel, 1884 in a population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (L., 1766)) from Esteros del Iberá, Argentina; however, the impact of T. evansi infection on capybaras is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore associations between T. evansi infection and biochemical and physiological parameters in wild capybaras using blood samples (n = 60) from a managed population of free-ranging capybaras from Esteros del Iberá. Infection by T. evansi was negatively associated with body condition, albumin, alpha-2 globulin concentrations, albumin/globulin ratio, and eosinophil counts, and it was positively associated with spleen index and gamma-globulin concentrations. These results suggest that T. evansi infection may pose a significant impact on the health of wild capybaras.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

STATUS OF THE PARASITE AGRYPON FLAVEOLATUM (GRAVENHORST) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), INTRODUCED TO CONTROL THE WINTER MOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractAgrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst), introduced from Europe to control the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), on apple and oak in Nova Scotia and British Columbia, was distinguished from the closely related native species, A. provancheri (Dalla Torre) and A. alaskensis (Ashmead). A detailed study of the three species revealed that they could be distinguished by specific morphological characters and by results of morphometric analyses of intra- and inter-specific variation of number of annuli of the antennal flagellum. The history of introductions of both the host and parasite is reviewed, including an account of host–parasite interactions. All of the characters defining species entities were found to be correlated with differences in host insect, host plant, and distribution.

An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3627 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO L. PALMA ◽  
STEWART B. PECK
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Annotated Checklist

We list all described species and subspecies of parasitic lice from theGalápagos Islands, based on literature and specimen records. A total of eight families, 47 genera, and 104 species and subspecies of parasitic lice are listed, of which 26 are new species records and eight are new genus records. Also, we report 17 new host-louse associations. The checklist includes 17 endemic species (16 from birds, one from a mammal), 79 native species and subspecies (78 from birds, one from a mammal), and eight species and subspecies (five from birds, three from mammals) introduced by human agency. Nine species assigned in error to theGalápagos Islandsin the literature are discussed and deleted from the fauna. For each valid species and subspecies we give information on its taxonomic history, type material, host associations, geographic distribution, biogeographical status, systematic relationships, and relevant literature references. We also give a brief summary of louse biology, and an account of the history of louse collecting, expeditions, collections, and research relating toGalápagos Islandslice. We include a host-parasite list, and a list of hosts which breed in theGalápagos Islandsbut without lice recorded from them. Also, we formally designate four lectotypes from the Kellogg Collection.

Phylogeny Inferred From Allozymes in the Heterodoxus-Octoseriatus Group of Species (Phthiraptera, Boopiidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Barker ◽  
DA Briscoe ◽  
RL Close
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Host Parasite

Phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in the Heterodoxus octoseriatus group of species were explored with data from 21 putative allozyme loci. The phenetic analyses and some of the cladistic analyses (maximum parsimony) were consistent with a phenetic analysis of morphological characters in that they indicated two main lines of evolution in the H. octoseriatus group. These culminated in two groups of species: (i) H. harrisoni, H. hughendensis, H. closei, H. maynesi, H. octoseriatus, H. lesouefi, H. briscoei and H. insulatus, and (ii) H. murrayi, H. insularis and H. orarius. The allozyme and morphological analyses, however, differed in the arrangement of species within the two main groups. Other cladistic analyses revealed the first group of lice, but not the second group. A hypothesis proposed for the evolution of the H. octoseriatus group involves widespread host-switching followed by the expansion of the geographic ranges of some lice at the expense of others. The evolution of host-parasite associations among rock-wallabies and lice from the H. octoseriatus group demonstrates how tangled the history of host-parasite associations may become.

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