Sporothrix schenckii type 3D (mtDNA-RFLP): Report of an osteoarticular case

: By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.

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Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Coumarins Derivatives Against Sporothrix spp.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666180221115508 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luana da S.M. Forezi ◽

Luana Pereira Borba-Santos ◽

Mariana F.C. Cardoso ◽

Vitor F. Ferreira ◽

Sonia Rozental ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Coumarin Derivatives ◽

Sporothrix Brasiliensis ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Effective Drugs

Sporotrichosis is a serious public health problem in Brazil that affects human patients and domestic animals, mainly cats. Thus, the search for new antifungal agents is required also due to the emergence and to the lack of effective drugs available in the therapeutic arsenal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal profile of two synthetic series of coumarin derivatives against Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. The three-components synthetic routes used for the preparation of coumarin derivatives have proved to be quite efficient and compounds 16 and 17 have been prepared in good yields. The inhibitory activity of nineteen synthetic coumarins derivatives 16a-i and 17a-j were evaluated against Sporothrix spp. yeasts and the most potent compounds were 16b and 17i. However, according to concentrations able to inhibit (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and kill (minimum fungicidal concentrations) the cells, 17i was more effective than 16b against Sporothrix spp. Thus, 17i exhibited good antifungal activity against S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, suggesting that it is an important scaffold for the development of novel antifungal agents.

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From secretion in Pichia pastoris to application in apple juice processing: Exo-polygalacturonase from Sporothrix schenckii 1099-18

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/1871530321666210106110400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Ersin Karataş ◽

Ahmet Tülek ◽

Mehmet Mervan Çakar ◽

Faruk Tamtürk ◽

Fatih Aktaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pichia Pastoris ◽

Apple Juice ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Signal Sequence ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Juice Clarification ◽

Pectinolytic Enzyme ◽

Pectinolytic Enzymes ◽

Protein Expression And Purification ◽

Wide Range

Background: Polygalacturonases are a group of enzymes under pectinolytic enzymes related to enzymes that hydrolyse pectic substances. Polygalacturonases have been used in various industrial applications such as fruit juice clarification, retting of plant fibers, wastewater treatment drinks fermentation, and oil extraction. Objectives: The study was evaluated at the heterologous expression, purification, biochemical characterization, computational modeling, and performance in apple juice clarification of a new exo-polygalacturonase from Sporothrix schenckii 1099-18 (SsExo-PG) in Pichia pastoris. Methods: Recombinant DNA technology was used in this study. Two different pPIC9K plasmids were constructed with native signal sequence-ssexo-pg and alpha signal sequence-ssexo-pg separately. Protein expression and purification performed after plasmids transformed into the Pichia pastoris. Biochemical and structural analyses were performed by using pure SsExo-PG. Results: The purification of SsExo-PG was achieved using a Ni-NTA chromatography system. The enzyme was found to have a molecular mass of approximately 52 kDa. SsExo-PG presented as stable at a wide range of temperature and pH values, and to be more storage stable than other commercial pectinolytic enzyme mixtures. Structural analysis revealed that the catalytic residues of SsExo-PG are somewhat similar to other Exo-PGs. The KM and kcat values for the degradation of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) by the purified enzyme were found to be 0.5868 µM and 179 s-1, respectively. Cu2+ was found to enhance SsExo-PG activity while Ag2+ and Fe2+ almost completely inhibited enzyme activity. The enzyme reduced turbidity up to 80% thus enhanced the clarification of apple juice. SsExo-PG showed promising performance when compared with other commercial pectinolytic enzyme mixtures. Conclusion: The clarification potential of SsExo-PG was revealed by comparing it with commercial pectinolytic enzymes. The following parameters of the process of apple juice clarification processes showed that SsExo-PG is highly stable and has a novel performance.

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Dimorphic expression of cerebrosides in the mycopathogen Sporothrix schenckii

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32388-9 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 797-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos S. Toledo ◽

Steven B. Levery ◽

Anita H. Straus ◽

Helio K. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Dimorphic Expression

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The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 905

Author(s):

Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽

Armando Pérez-Torres ◽

Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽

Daniel Cervantes-García ◽

Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Macrophage Cell ◽

Cell Recruitment ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Interaction Processes ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

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