Changes in grassland ecosystem function due to extreme rainfall events: implications for responses to climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP A. FAY ◽  
DAWN M. KAUFMAN ◽  
JESSE B. NIPPERT ◽  
JONATHAN D. CARLISLE ◽  
CHRISTOPHER W. HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events

scholarly journals Evaluation of climate change impacts on extreme rainfall events characteristics using a synoptic weather typing-based daily precipitation downscaling model

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Tavakolifar ◽  
Ebrahim Shahghasemi ◽  
Sara Nazif
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Synoptic Weather Typing

Climate change has impacted all phenomena in the hydrologic cycle, especially extreme events. General circulation models (GCMs) are used to investigate climate change impacts but because of their low resolution, downscaling methods are developed to provide data with high enough resolution for regional studies from GCM outputs. The performance of rainfall downscaling methods is commonly acceptable in preserving average characteristics, but they do not preserve the extreme event characteristics especially rainfall amount and distribution. In this study, a novel downscaling method called synoptic statistical downscaling model is proposed for daily precipitation downscaling with an emphasis on extreme event characteristics preservation. The proposed model is applied to a region located in central Iran. The results show that the developed model can downscale all percentiles of precipitation events with an acceptable performance and there is no assumption about the similarity of future rainfall data with the historical observations. The outputs of CCSM4 GCM for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are used to investigate the climate change impacts in the study region. The results show 40% and 30% increase in the number of extreme rainfall events under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively.

scholarly journals Risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under 1.5 and 2.0 degrees’ warmer worlds – How anthropogenic aerosols change the story

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruksana H. Rimi ◽  
Karsten Haustein ◽  
Emily J. Barbour ◽  
Sarah N. Sparrow ◽  
Sihan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme weather events in future. Previous studies have robustly shown how and where climate change has already changed the risks of weather extremes. However, developing countries have been somewhat underrepresented in these studies, despite high vulnerability and limited capacities to adapt. How additional global warming would affect the future risks of extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh needs to be addressed to limit adverse impacts. Our study focuses on understanding and quantifying the relative risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under the Paris Agreement temperature goals of 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming above pre-industrial levels. In particular, we investigate the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on these risks given their likely future reduction and resulting amplification of global warming. Using large ensemble regional climate model simulations from weather@home under different forcing scenarios, we compare the risks of rainfall events under pre-industrial (natural), current (actual), 1.5 °C, and 2.0 °C warmer and greenhouse gas only (anthropogenic aerosols removed) conditions. We find that the risk of a 1 in 100 year rainfall event has already increased significantly compared with pre-industrial levels across parts of Bangladesh, with additional increases likely for 1.5 and 2.0 degree warming (of up to 5.5 times higher, with an uncertainty range of 3.5 to 7.8 times). Impacts were observed during both the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, but were spatially variable across the country in terms of the level of impact. Results also show that reduction in anthropogenic aerosols plays an important role in determining the overall future climate change impacts; by exacerbating the effects of GHG induced global warming and thereby increasing the rainfall intensity. We highlight that the net aerosol effect varies from region to region within Bangladesh, which leads to different outcomes of aerosol reduction on extreme rainfall statistics, and must therefore be considered in future risk assessments. Whilst there is a substantial reduction in the impacts resulting from 1.5 °C compared with 2 °C warming, the difference is spatially and temporally variable, specifically with respect to seasonal extreme rainfall events.

scholarly journals Riverbed Migrations in Western Taiwan under Climate Change

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chiung Chao ◽  
Chi-Wen Chen ◽  
Hsin-Chi Li ◽  
Yung-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, extreme weather phenomena have occurred worldwide, resulting in many catastrophic disasters. Under the impact of climate change, the frequency of extreme rainfall events in Taiwan will increase, according to a report on climate change in Taiwan. This study analyzed riverbed migrations, such as degradation and aggradation, caused by extreme rainfall events under climate change for the Choshui River, Taiwan. We used the CCHE1D model to simulate changes in flow discharge and riverbed caused by typhoon events for the base period (1979–2003) and the end of the 21st century (2075–2099) according to the climate change scenario of representative concentration pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) and dynamical downscaling of rainfall data in Taiwan. According to the results on flow discharge, at the end of the 21st century, the average peak flow during extreme rainfall events will increase by 20% relative to the base period, but the time required to reach the peak will be 8 h shorter than that in the base period. In terms of the results of degradation and aggradation of the riverbed, at the end of the 21st century, the amount of aggradation will increase by 33% over that of the base period. In the future, upstream sediment will be blocked by the Chichi weir, increasing the severity of scouring downstream. In addition, due to the increased peak flow discharge in the future, the scouring of the pier may be more serious than it is currently. More detailed 2D or 3D hydrological models are necessary in future works, which could adequately address the erosive phenomena created by bridge piers. Our results indicate that not only will flood disasters occur within a shorter time duration, but the catchment will also face more severe degradation and aggradation in the future.

scholarly journals Water-related impacts on agriculture due to climate change: a review with reference to Kerala.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjana Thomas ◽  
E.J. James ◽  
Celine George
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Crop Damages ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change has arisen as the most pressing global challenge of the 21st century. The impending challenges may be associated with water resources management. Water-related impacts due to climate change are ranging from water scarcity to intense floods. The state of Kerala has witnessed severe floods in the last two years owing to Extreme Rainfall Events (ERE), among which the prominent ones are the events that occurred in August 2018. The extent of human and livestock mortalities, crop damages and economic losses due to the floods was enormous. This paper critically reviews the scientific studies and reports on impacts of climate change which profiting generalists bothered with environmental challenges. The article highlights the need for water conservation, risk management, and the development of mitigation measures to cope with the water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture. Keywords—climate change, flood, drought.

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