THE DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND PROTEIN PERCENTAGE OF PASTURE LAYERS

The composition and relative acceptability to sheep of eight forage sorghum and three forage millet cultivars were assessed in two experiments at Tamworth and Armidale, New South Wales. Millets were consistently superior to sorghums in chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and acceptability. Japanese millet (Echinochloa utilis) which had the highest mean sulphur (0.45 per cent) and sodium (0.03 per cent) contents and a very narrow nitrogen : sulphur ratio (5.7 : 1 ) , was easily the most acceptable. Its disadvantage was its very early maturity with subsequent poor regrowth. In the second experiment, two pearl millets were similar to eight sorghums in terms of dry matter production (means 2.1 vs. 2.0 t ha-1 per cut respectively) but tended to be more acceptable to the sheep and produced forage of superior quality. The eight sorghum cultivars and one maize had very low sodium (0.008-0.01 7 per cent) and sulphur (0.09-0.20 per cent) contents and nitrogen : sulphur ratios (mean 15.9 : 1 ) wider than those of the two pearl millets (13 : 1). Despite quite low cyanide potentials (mean 0.015 per cent HCN) there was a consistent negative association between the cyanide potential and acceptability in the sorghums. The low cyanide cultivar Piper was generally the most acceptable sorghum and compared favourably with the pearl millets in acceptability. The application of 20 kg S ha-1 as gypsum failed to increase significantly the sulphur content of any of the forages, but significantly reduced the nitrogen : sulphur ratio from 14.1 : 1 to 13.3 : 1 in the second year.The solution to the problem of unsatisfactory animal production on summer forages appears to lie in increasing the dry matter production per unit area of millets or the quality of sorghums.

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Influence of 2,4‐D, Pronamide, and Simazine on Dry Matter Production and Botanical Composition of an Alfalfa‐grass Sward 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700010018x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. B. Triplett ◽

R. W. Van Keuren ◽

J. D. Walker

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Matter Production ◽

Grass Sward

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STUDIES ON POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) DAMAGE IN ALFALFA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps81-086 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 625-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. A. FARIS ◽

H. BAENZIGER ◽

R. P. TERHUNE

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Potato Leafhopper ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Production Plant ◽

Matter Production ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Carry Over

Alfalfa dry matter production, plant height, protein content, and in vitro digestibility (IVD) were measured in first- and second-year plantings of six alfalfa cultivars grown under natural potato leafhopper infestation with and without methoxychlor treatment for control of the pests. All treated plots yielded more dry matter than the untreated check, except Angus in 1978. Plant height and protein content were higher and IVD was less in the treated plots. All cultivars were susceptible to leafhopper infestation; however, Angus was the least affected. Leafhopper injury was season-specific and damage carry-over from one season to another occurred but was less than from one cut to the next.

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Protein enrichment of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus - indica Mill) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid-state fermentation

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000400020 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (spe) ◽

pp. 161-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lúcia de Fátima Araújo ◽

Ariosvaldo Nunes Medeiros ◽

Américo Perazzo Neto ◽

Líbia de Sousa Conrado Oliveira ◽

Flávio Luiz Honorato da Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Solid Medium ◽

Animal Feed ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Matter Production ◽

Gross Energy

The microbial protein bioconversion of cactus pear by yeast in solid medium was studied. Three cultivation variables used were: inoculum's concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %), substrate layer thickness (2, 4 and 6 cm) and temperature (30, 34 and 38 ºC). The rate of dry matter production and total protein were determined. Results obtained were variance analysis, gross energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The maximum protein amount achieved for the conditions studied in the present work was higher than 26 %, which was compatible or greater than those of conventional concentrates of protein supplements used for animal feed. The protein concentrate of cactus pear had a higher in vitro digestibility index (95.8 %) and did not show any changes in the gross energy value when compared to that of the cactus pear in natura.

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Morphological characteristics, dry matter production, and nutritional value of winter forage and grains under grazing and split nitrogen fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1473 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 1483

Author(s):

Loreno Egidio Taffarel ◽

Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽

Euclides Reuter de Oliveira ◽

Elaine Barbosa Muniz ◽

Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Matter Production

Morphological characteristics, dry matter production, and nutritional values of winter forage and grains were evaluated. This study was conducted from April 24, 2012 to November 7, 2013 in the Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil. Pastures under one grazing and non-grazing conditions were evaluated under 120 kg N ha-1 fertilization split into two 60 kg N ha-1 treatments. Two pastures received 40 kg N ha-1 three times. IPR 126 oat, BRS Tarumã wheat, and IPR 111 triticale were the test crops. Topdressing with 40 or 60 kg N ha-1 did not change morphological characteristics until 60 d after sowing. Pastures under non-grazing that received 120 kg N ha-1 treatments were taller than the controls, whereas those under grazing that received 80 or 120 kg N ha-1 presented with higher leaf production than did the controls. Total average dry matter (DM) production in 2012 and 2013 was, respectively, 5,275 kg ha-1 and 6,270 kg ha-1 for oat, 3,166 kg ha-1 and 7,423 kg ha-1 for wheat, and 4,552 kg ha-1 and 7,603 kg ha-1 for triticale. Split N fertilization did not cause differences in the levels of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the forage. Nevertheless, increases in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were observed in oat and wheat receiving 60 kg N ha-1 during the first graze. IVDMD did not change in oat, wheat, and triticale forages receiving 80 or 120 kg N ha-1 during the second graze. Grazing did not affect the nutritional values of wheat and triticale grains, but reduced those of oat. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that grazing lengthens the crop cycles, and so allow the staggered sowing of summer crops.

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The response of four perennial grass species to sodium chloride salinity when irrigated with saline waters

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06156 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. E. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Grass Species ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Matter Production

The response of 4 temperate grass species (Lolium perenne cv. Victorian, Thinopyrum ponticum cv. Tyrell, Austrodanthonia richardsonii cv. Taranna, A. bipartita cv. Bunderra) to saline irrigated conditions was evaluated over 4 seasons at Tatura in northern Victoria. This experiment followed earlier research where the salt tolerance of ~20 species of grasses was evaluated in the greenhouse. Field plots were established under non-saline conditions and were irrigated with saline water at 1.6, 2.5, and 4.5 dS/m. Measurements made on these plots included dry-matter production, tissue ion (Na+, Cl–, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) concentrations, in vitro dry-matter digestibility, root distribution, and soil chemistry. Soil salinity (EC1 : 5) and sodicity (SAR1 : 5) levels peaked at 0.30–0.60 m depth and reached 1.3 dS/m and 9.8, respectively, for the highest saline irrigation treatment. Cumulative plant dry-matter production was lower in T. ponticum compared with the Austrodanthonia species and L. perenne at all salinity levels, but in relative terms there was no difference in the salt tolerance among any of the 4 species (the reduction in dry weight at 4.5 dS/m was 10–15% for all species). Leaf tissue concentrations of Na+ and Cl– were significantly lower in A. richardsonii and A. bipartita compared with T. ponticum and L. perenne, and in vitro dry-matter digestibility tended to be greater in L. perenne under saline conditions than in the other 3 species. This research suggests that the 2 native Austrodanthonia species can be grown under moderately saline conditions—either under saline irrigation or in a dryland discharge area—in environments where perennial ryegrass may also be grown.

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The effect of frequency and time of cutting on the production and quality of a barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) dominant pasture

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9670528 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (29) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

GE Robards ◽

JH Leigh

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

New South ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

South Wales ◽

Matter Production ◽

Hordeum Leporinum ◽

Main Component

A grazing experiment on a barley grass (Hordeum leporium Link) dominant pasture at Deniliquin, New South Wales, was carried out from May to November 1964. Monthly grazing of this pasture resulted in a greater dry matter yield of both green and total barley grass, and of crude protein, than when grazing occurred less frequently. The greatest stimulus to production was achieved when grazing occurred in August or September when the plants were approaching flowering. Rat's-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel), the other main component of the pasture, was not stimulated to greater total dry matter production by increasing the frequency of grazing. However, significantly more green fescue was harvested from areas grazed most frequently. The quality of both species, as estimated by nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of barley grass and nitrogen content of fescue, was higher late in the season on the monthly grazed areas than on areas grazed less frequently.

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