scholarly journals Protein enrichment of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus - indica Mill) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid-state fermentation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia de Fátima Araújo ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes Medeiros ◽  
Américo Perazzo Neto ◽  
Líbia de Sousa Conrado Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Luiz Honorato da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Gross Energy

The microbial protein bioconversion of cactus pear by yeast in solid medium was studied. Three cultivation variables used were: inoculum's concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %), substrate layer thickness (2, 4 and 6 cm) and temperature (30, 34 and 38 ºC). The rate of dry matter production and total protein were determined. Results obtained were variance analysis, gross energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The maximum protein amount achieved for the conditions studied in the present work was higher than 26 %, which was compatible or greater than those of conventional concentrates of protein supplements used for animal feed. The protein concentrate of cactus pear had a higher in vitro digestibility index (95.8 %) and did not show any changes in the gross energy value when compared to that of the cactus pear in natura.

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN ALKALI PADA LIMBAH KULIT KOPI DAN PENINGKATAN KECERNAANNYA DENGAN TEKNIK IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fariani., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

This research was done to improve coffee pulp digestibility with alkali treatment and adding organic acid by in vitro. This research was done in two stage, fi rst stage was soaking in alkali fl uid and second stage was in vitro digestibility analysis, in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used in 4 reatments and feed treatment was replicated 3 times. The treatments were: P0 (control), P1 (2 day soaking), P2 (3 day soaking) and P3 (4 day soaking). Observe parameters were tannin concentration, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, concentration of N-NH3 and (pH). The result showed that the treatment had nosignifi cant diference (P0.01) on tannin concentration. However, it was signifi cantly difference on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, concentration of N-NH3, and (pH).Key Words: Coffee pulp, alkali treatment, digestibility, in vitro techniques

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NEAR INFRARED CALIBRATIONS FOR ESTIMATING IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN HYBRIDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant

A comparison of two near infrared (NIRA) calibrations (C1 and C2) for the prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDM) in whole-plant corn (WPC) was conducted. C1 consisted of 40 WPC samples collected from four locations across Ontario (Brucefield, London, Guelph and Elora). C2 consisted of 90 samples and included the above locations plus Pakenham and Winchester. Nine wavelengths were used in both equations but only three were common in C1 and C2 equations. These wavelengths were 2139 nm, 2100 nm, and 1445 nm, respectively. The predictions of IVDM utilizing both C1 and C2 were good. Coefficients of determination (r2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) for calibration and prediction sets were 0.91, 1.7; 0.85, 1.7 for C1 and 0.88, 1.6; 0.77, 1.6 for C2 respectively. Regression analysis within location, however, showed low r2 values for the prediction of IVDM for Pakenham and Winchester in both calibrations. The more mature stage of harvest at these locations might be the cause of the poorer predictions. Key words: In vitro digestibility, whole-plant corn, near infrared reflectance

THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS OF ORCHARDGRASS CLONES WITH ADVANCING STAGES OF MATURITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. E. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Early Maturing

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the stem and total leaf fractions of four orchardgrass clones was similar at the preheading stage. Even at 100% head emergence, differences in I.V.D. between stems and living leaves were not great with the early-maturing clones. However, wide differences existed between the values for stems and living leaves in mature plants. Heads were only slightly higher than stems in digestibility.Leaf digestibility was lower for those leaves dead or even partially dead. Nevertheless, in mature plants, dead leaves were higher in I.V.D. than heads or stems. Large differences occurred among clones in stem digestibility. However, the variability among clones in leaf digestibility was small.

STUDIES ON POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) DAMAGE IN ALFALFA

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. FARIS ◽  
H. BAENZIGER ◽  
R. P. TERHUNE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Carry Over

Alfalfa dry matter production, plant height, protein content, and in vitro digestibility (IVD) were measured in first- and second-year plantings of six alfalfa cultivars grown under natural potato leafhopper infestation with and without methoxychlor treatment for control of the pests. All treated plots yielded more dry matter than the untreated check, except Angus in 1978. Plant height and protein content were higher and IVD was less in the treated plots. All cultivars were susceptible to leafhopper infestation; however, Angus was the least affected. Leafhopper injury was season-specific and damage carry-over from one season to another occurred but was less than from one cut to the next.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CELL WALL CONSTITUENT LEVELS OF TANNIN-FREE AND TANNIN-CONTAINING CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
A. T. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Similar Basis

A series of experiments has been carried out with tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars of fababeans. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the cotyledon portion of the two groups of fababeans was the same (88.2%) whereas the in vitro digestibility of the testa portion of the tannin-free cultivars was much higher (27.6%) than that of the tannin-containing cultivars (9.2%). The concentrations of certain cell wall constituents in the testae of tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars were also different (P < 0.01); the respective average values for the two groups were: condensed tannins, 0.2 and 4.9%; lignin, 4.2 and 6.2%; acid detergent fiber, 72 and 66%; and cellulose, 67 and 60%. There was a negative correlation between the in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount per unit weight of whole beans of either condensed tannin (r = −0.86, P < 0.01) or lignin (r = −0.89, P < 0.01). When expressed on a similar basis there was no correlation between levels of cellulose or acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and digestible dry matter production of oat genotypes for ensiling

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando Alberto Jacovaci ◽  
Tamara Tais Três ◽  
Guilherme Fernando Mattos Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Block Scheme ◽  
Before And After

Abstract This study evaluated dry matter yield and nutritional characteristics of different oat genotypes (Avena spp.) for ensiling. Treatments consisted of genotypes of white oat IPR 126 (Avena sativa), black oat Cabocla IPR and Agrocoxilha (Avena strigosa), and BRS Madrugada and BRS Centauro (Avena vertis). Oats were harvested at the phenological stage of milk/dough grain. The design was a completely randomized block scheme, with five treatments and three replications per treatment. The IPR Cabocla genotype showed the highest dry matter content (before and after silo opening) and in vitro dry matter digestibility of fresh forage. No differences were observed for in vitro dry matter digestibility and dry matter losses among silages. The highest silage digestible dry matter yield (kg ha-1) was observed for the BRS Centauro genotype. Thus, despite the better nutritional quality presented by the IPR Cabocla genotype before ensiling, BRS Centauro genotype presented a higher yield of digestible dry matter per hectare.

scholarly journals The effect of cooking on in vitro digestibility of selected legumes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ranjani Amarakoon ◽  
Stanislav Kráčmar ◽  
Ignác Hoza ◽  
Pavel Budinský
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pressure Cooking ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various cooking methods on nutritional qua­li­ty by evaluating in vitro digestibility of some selected legumes (two cultivars Pisum sativum and Glycine max). Samples were soaked in 0.2% NaHCO3 for 6 hours and then cooked by normal (20, 25, 30 and 35 min) pressure (8, 10, 12 and 14 min) and microwave (8, 10, 12 and 14 min) cooking. In vitro protein and dry matter digestibility were investigated. Pressure cooking and microwave cooking are recommended after soaking with the cooking time between 8–14 mins for P. sativum (Xantos and Svit) and G. max. Based on in vitro protein digestibility of all the cooking treatments, pressure cooking is the most effective.

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