WATER LOSS RATES AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES OF DRY COOKED BOVINE MUSCLE

The objective of work was to quantify soil and water loss rates as a function of slope variation, correlating these rates with soybean yield. In addition to developing multiple linear regression models that associate water and soil loss rates in function of their physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisols under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Four slopes (3.5%; 8.2%; 11.4% and 13.5%) were considered as treatments. The water and soil loss rates were monitored in the rainfall occurring during the crop development cycle. The water drained in each plot was collected in gutters made of polyvinyl chloride and stored in containers for the quantification of soil and water losses. The stepwise backward method was used to identify the variables that had a significant influence on water and soil losses. The unevenness of the terrain did not influence the soil and water loss rates. The maximum soil and water losses during the soybean cycle were, respectively, 0.01962 Mg ha-1 and 4.07 m3 ha-1. The maximum soil and water losses occurred when the precipitation volume was up to 82 mm. Soil and water losses showed a higher correlation with macroporosity and bulk density. Soybean grain yield showed a higher linear correlation with water, and soil loss and was higher at the slopes of 8.2% and 13.4%. The low water and soil losses demonstrate the soil capacity, managed under a no-tillage system, to minimize environmental impacts.

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Divergence of Desiccation-Related Traits in Sitobion avenae from Northwestern China

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 626

Author(s):

Yujing Yang ◽

Deguang Liu ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

Biyao Wang ◽

Xiaoqin Shi

Keyword(s):

Survival Time ◽

Water Loss ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Northwestern China ◽

Desiccation Stress ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Desiccation Resistance ◽

Branched Alkanes ◽

Resistant Genotypes ◽

Loss Rates

The impact of drought on insects has become increasingly evident in the context of global climate change, but the physiological mechanisms of aphids’ responses to desiccating environments are still not well understood. We sampled the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from arid areas of northwestern China. Both desiccation-resistant and -nonresistant genotypes were identified, providing direct evidence of genetic divergence in desiccation resistance of S. avenae. Resistant genotypes of wingless S. avenae showed longer survival time and LT50 under the desiccation stress (i.e., 10% relative humidity) than nonresistant genotypes, and wingless individuals tended to have higher desiccation resistance than winged ones. Both absolute and relative water contents did not differ between the two kinds of genotypes. Resistant genotypes had lower water loss rates than nonresistant genotypes for both winged and wingless individuals, suggesting that modulation of water loss rates could be the primary strategy in resistance of this aphid against desiccation stress. Contents of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) (especially methyl-branched alkanes) showed significant increase for both resistant and nonresistant genotypes after exposure to the desiccation stress for 24 h. Under desiccation stress, survival time was positively correlated with contents of methyl-branched alkanes for resistant genotypes. Thus, the content of methyl-branched alkanes and their high plasticity could be closely linked to water loss rate and desiccation resistance in S. avenae. Our results provide insights into fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms of desiccation resistance in aphids, and have significant implications for the evolution of aphid populations in the context of global warming.

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Water-loss rates of Sphaerodactylus parthenopion (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), the smallest amniote vertebrate

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology ◽

10.1016/0300-9629(85)90479-7 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 759-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

William P MacLean

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Loss Rates

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Gas exchange patterns and water loss rates in the Table Mountain cockroach, Aptera fusca (Blattodea: Blaberidae)

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.091199 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 216 (20) ◽

pp. 3844-3853 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. Groenewald ◽

C. S. Bazelet ◽

C. P. Potter ◽

J. S. Terblanche

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Loss ◽

Table Mountain ◽

Exchange Patterns ◽

Loss Rates

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Postharvest Water Loss and Storage Quality of Nine Pepper (Capsicum) Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.3.191 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 191-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

N.K. Lownds ◽

M. Banaras ◽

P.W. Bosland

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

New Mexican ◽

Color Development ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

And Storage ◽

Pepper Cultivar ◽

Reduced Water ◽

Loss Rates

Nine pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) representing five pepper types were studied to determine water-loss rates, flaccidity, color, and disease development when stored at 8,14, or 20C for 14 days. Water-loss rate was markedly higher at 14C than at 8C, and was somewhat lower at 20C than at 14C. There were significant differences in water-loss rates between pepper cultivar with `NuMex R Naky', `NuMex Conquistador', and `New Mexico 6-4' (New Mexican-type peppers) having the highest water-loss rates. Flaccidity followed a pattern similar to water loss at each storage temperature, suggesting a direct relationship. Color development was cultivar- and package-dependent, and ratings increased with temperature. Placing pepper fruit in perforated polyethylene packages reduced water-loss rates 20 times or more, so that water loss no longer limited postharvest storage. Packaging also eliminated flaccidity and reduced color development across cultivars at 14 and 20C. Packaged fruit, however, developed diseases that limited postharvest longevity.

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Continuous Automatic Measurement of Water Uptake and Water Loss of Cut Flower Stems

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.3.509 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 509-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peitao Lü ◽

Xinmin Huang ◽

Hongmei Li ◽

Jiping Liu ◽

Shenggen He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Water Loss ◽

Automatic Measurement ◽

Vase Life ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

High Data ◽

Cut Rose ◽

Loss Rates

In studying the postharvest water relations of cut flowers, researchers aim to determine rates of water uptake and water loss along with changes in fresh weight. An automatic apparatus was devised for continuous monitoring of these indices. The novel apparatus consists of two balances automatically recording mass at a relatively high data acquisition rate (min−1), a personal computer, two containers, and plastic tubing. The apparatus is accurate, labor-saving, and real-time. It enabled dynamic synchronous recording of water uptake as well as fresh weight of the cut flower stem, from which precise water uptake loss rates during vase life can be accurately determined. Rates of water uptake and water loss of individual cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Movie Star) stems were measured using the apparatus under alternating 12-h light and dark periods. Both water uptake and water loss rates fluctuated with the light to dark shift over 120 h of observation. Stem fresh weight increased rapidly over the first 40 h of vase period and decreased gradually thereafter. Cut lily (Lilium hybrida cv. Yellow Overlord) stems showed similar trends in water uptake and water loss rate to cut rose stems. The accuracy and sensitivity of the new apparatus was validated by comparison with manual weighing using a balance at 2-h intervals under alternating 12-h light and dark periods over 108 h. The apparatus described here constitutes a suitable method for direct measurement of water uptake and fresh weight, including capturing relatively rapid water balance responses to changes in the postharvest environment.

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