Association between cord blood IgE and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-4, the ?-subunit of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, lymphotoxin-?, and tumor Necrosis factor-?

Mast cells are the major effector-cell type for immediate hypersensitivity and other forms of allergic reactions. Expression of 4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is induced at mRNA and protein levels on stimulation through the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE; FcϵRI). In this study, we present evidence that agonistic anti-4-1BB antibodies can enhance FcϵRI-induced cytokine production and secretion. Consistent with this, 4-1BB-deficient mast cells exhibit reduced degranulation and cytokine production on FcϵRI stimulation. Analysis of 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL)-deficient cells supported this notion. As a potential mechanism for these defects, we identified a defect in Ca2+ flux induced by FcϵRI stimulation. The defective Ca2+ flux could be accounted for by the reduced activity of Lyn/Btk/phospholipase C-γ2 pathway and constitutive interactions between 4-1BB and Lyn. Therefore, FcϵRI-inducible 4-1BB plays a costimulatory function together with FcϵRI stimulation.

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Oligoclonal bands and levels of interleukin 4, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in idiopathic intracranial hypertension Egyptian patients

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-019-0134-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S. El-Tamawy ◽

Maha A. Zaki ◽

Laila A. Rashed ◽

Eman H. Esmail ◽

Shaimaa Shaheen Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Oligoclonal Bands ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder of unknown pathophysiology with many proposed theories that involve CSF dynamics but recently, involvement of inflammatory and autoimmune processes has been postulated. Objectives To investigate presence of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum cytokine level in patients with IIH. Methods This study was conducted on 27 IIH female patients and 21 age- and sex-matched control groups. Patient and control groups were subjected to measurement of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in serum, and CSF oligoclonal bands was measured in the IIH patient group. Body mass index (BMI) was measured to both patients and control. Results Serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TNF alpha were significantly higher in IIH patients than controls (p < 0.001); 22% of IIH patients had positive OCB in CSF. There was a statistically significant difference regarding TNF-α level in OCB-positive and OCB-negative patients being higher in positive patients. No statistically significant correlation was found between serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and BMI. Conclusion Autoimmune inflammatory process may play a role in pathophysiology of IIH.

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