Quantitative and qualitative changes in cell wall polysaccharides in relation to growth and cell wall loosening in Lactuca sativa hypocotyls

AbstractMauritia flexuosa palms inhabit wetland environments in the dry, seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and produce mucilaginous secretions in the stem and petiole that have a medicinal value. The present study sought to characterize the chemical natures of those secretions and to describe the anatomical structures involved in their synthesis. Chemical analyzes of the secretions, anatomical, histochemical analyses, and electron microscopy studies were performed on the roots, stipes, petioles, and leaf blades. Stipe and petiole secretions are similar, and rich in cell wall polysaccharides and pectic compounds such as rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose, which are hydrophilic largely due to their hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. Mucilaginous secretions accumulate in the lumens of vessel elements and sclerenchyma fibers of the root, stipe, petiole, and foliar veins; their synthesis involves cell wall loosening and the activities of dictyosomes. The outer faces of the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue in the mesophyll expand to form pockets that rupture and release pectocellulose substances into the intercellular spaces. The presence of mucilage in the xylem, extending from the roots to the leaf veins and continuous with the leaf apoplast, and sub-stomatal chambers suggest a strategy for plant water economy.

Download Full-text

A proposed role for copper ions in cell wall loosening

Progress in Plant Nutrition: Plenary Lectures of the XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-2789-1_4 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephen C. Fry ◽

Janice G. Miller ◽

Jo C. Dumville

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Wall Loosening

Download Full-text

Genome-Wide Identification of the Expansin Gene Family and Its Potential Association with Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9491

Author(s):

Kang-Ming Jin ◽

Ren-Ying Zhuo ◽

Dong Xu ◽

Yu-Jun Wang ◽

Hui-Jin Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Gene Family ◽

Moso Bamboo ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Expansin Gene ◽

Wall Loosening

Expansins, a group of cell wall-loosening proteins, are involved in cell-wall loosening and cell enlargement in a pH-dependent manner. According to previous study, they were involved in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. However, information on the biological function of the expansin gene in moso bamboo is still limited. In this study, we identified a total of 82 expansin genes in moso bamboo, clustered into four subfamilies (α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA) and expansin-like B (EXPB)). Subsequently, the molecular structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of the expansin genes of Phyllostachys edulis (PeEXs) were further characterized. A total of 14 pairs of tandem duplication genes and 31 pairs of segmented duplication genes were also identified, which may promote the expansion of the expansin gene family. Promoter analysis found many cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response, especially abscisic acid response element (ABRE). Expression pattern revealed that most PeEXs have tissue expression specificity. Meanwhile, the expression of some selected PeEXs was significantly upregulated mostly under abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, which implied that these genes actively respond to expression under abiotic stress. This study provided new insights into the structure, evolution and function prediction of the expansin gene family in moso bamboo.

Download Full-text

Methyl jasmonate treatment promotes flower opening of cut Eustoma by inducing cell wall loosening proteins in petals

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.02.018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Masaki Ochiai ◽

Shogo Matsumoto ◽

Kunio Yamada

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Wall Loosening ◽

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment

Download Full-text

Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18016/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Mayorga-Gómez ◽

Savithri Nambeesan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Expansion ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Temporal Expression ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

Wall Loosening

Abstract Background Expansins (EXP) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of C. annuum α- EXPANSINS (CaEXPA) genes were characterized. Additionally, fruit-specific CaEXPA expression was correlated with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. Results Spatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXP6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, a ripening specific EXP transcript, CaEXPA9 was identified, suggesting its role in cell wall disassembly during ripening.Conclusion This is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. Identification of a fruit-specific EXPAs suggest their importance in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.

Download Full-text