Progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in a young girl: longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion assessed by the clamp technique and surrogate estimates

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Saad ◽  
Neslihan Gungor ◽  
Silva Arslanian
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Clamp Technique ◽  
Normal Glucose

scholarly journals In middle-aged siblings of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus normal glucose tolerance is associated with insulin resistance and with increased insulin secretion. The SPIDER study

2000 ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Pontiroli ◽  
LD Monti ◽  
S Costa ◽  
PE Sandoli ◽  
A Pizzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Normal Glucose

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) in siblings of patients with Type 2 DM, and to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity in siblings with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), compared with NGT spouses of probands without family history of Type 2 DM. DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 87 families including 103 Type 2 DM patients (87 probands), and we carried out an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 130 siblings and in 60 spouses. Among NGT subjects, 12 siblings and 16 spouses underwent a low-dose insulin-glucose infusion test (LDIGIT) to evaluate C-peptide release and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: After the OGTT, 24 siblings were classified as having Type 2 DM, 31 as IGT, and only 14 spouses as IGT (P=0.0012 vs siblings). NGT siblings (n=75) showed higher insulin levels at 120 min than NGT spouses (n=46) at OGTT, in spite of identical blood glucose levels; at LDIGIT, NGT siblings secreted more C-peptide and showed a lower insulin sensitivity than NGT spouses. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that middle-aged siblings of probands with Type 2 DM have a high frequency of IGT and Type 2 DM, and that NGT siblings have increased insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion when compared with adequate controls.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance, Hyperinsulinemia with Normal Blood Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (Prediabetes Insulin Resistance Research)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Yanping Gong ◽  
Fusheng Fang ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Normal Glucose

Aim.To evaluate the differences in insulin resistance (IR) among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), hyperinsulinemia with NGT (HINS), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods.5 NGT, 25 HINS, 25 IGT, and 25 T2DM subjects participated in this research. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (HECT) was performed in all of them to evaluate IR levels. The relative factors influencing IR were evaluated. The simple insulin sensitivity indices were calculated, and the correlation between each index and the M value was analyzed.Results.TheMvalues of NGT, HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were 11.88 ± 2.93 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.23 ± 1.73 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.37 ± 2.12 mg·kg−1·min−1, and 6.19 ± 1.89 mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively.Mvalues in HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were lower than those in the NGT group (P=0.005); however, the differences among the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were not statistically significant (P=0.835). The independent factors influencing theMvalue were waistline and fasting insulin level (FINS). The simple insulin sensitivity indices, especially Matsuda and Gutt index, were significantly associated with theMvalue (P<0.01).Conclusion.IR existed in the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups, and IR levels were consistent in the three groups. The independent factors influencing IR were waistline and FINS.

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽  
MOE HAYASAKA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
AYAMI UEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

Liraglutide Therapy in a Prediabetic State: Rethinking the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Papaetis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Prediabetic State ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Normal Glucose

Background: Prediabetes is defined as a state of glucose metabolism between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Continuous β-cell failure and death are the reasons for the evolution from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and finally type 2 diabetes. Introduction: The necessity of new therapeutic approaches in order to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes is obligatory. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has 97% homology for native GLP-1. Identification of the trophic and antiapoptotic properties of liraglutide in preclinical studies, together with evidence of sustained β-cell function longevity during its administration in type 2 diabetes individuals, indicated its earliest possible administration during this disease, or even before its development, so as to postpone or delay its onset. Methods: Pubmed and Google databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. Results: This paper explores the current evidence of liraglutide administration both in humans and animal models with prediabetes. Also, it investigates the safety profile of liraglutide treatment and its future role to postpone or delay the evolution of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Liralgutide remains a valuable tool in our therapeutic armamentarium for individuals who are overweight or obese and have prediabetes. Future well designed studies will give valuable information that will help clinicians to stratify individuals who will derive the most benefit from this agent, achieving targeted therapeutic strategies.

Plasma Folate Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Sakuta ◽  
Suzuki ◽  
Yasuda ◽  
Ito
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Limited data suggest that folate levels are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We compared the fasting plasma folate, glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and supplementary vitamin use among male subjects with NGT, those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and those with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Plasma folate of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and that of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes was significantly higher than that of NGT subjects (p < 0.001). Prevalence of vitamin use was lower in newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Self-rated vegetable intake was similar among the four groups. FPG, BMI, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma folate levels independently of lifestyle factors studied. These results suggest that plasma folate levels are elevated in male diabetic patients independently of health-conscious behavior that is recommended for diabetic people.

scholarly journals Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3236-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Legro ◽  
Carol L. Gnatuk ◽  
Allen R. Kunselman ◽  
Andrea Dunaif
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Over Time

We performed this study to access the changes in glucose tolerance over time in a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n = 71) and control women (n = 23) with regular menstrual cycles and baseline normal glucose tolerance. Mean follow-up was between 2 and 3 yr for both groups (PCOS 2.5 ± 1.7 yr; controls 2.9 ± 2.1 yr). Based on World Health Organization glucose tolerance categories, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of glucose intolerance at follow-up in the PCOS group. In the PCOS group, 25 (37%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and seven (10%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline, compared with 30 (45%) and 10 (15%), respectively, at follow-up. There were also no differences within groups (PCOS or control) or between groups (PCOS vs. control) in the oral glucose tolerance test-derived measure of insulin sensitivity, but in the women with PCOS who converted to either IGT or type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.0001). At the follow-up visit, the mean glycohemoglobin level was 6.1 ± 0.9% in women with PCOS vs. 5.3 ± 0.7% in the control women (P &lt; 0.001). Women with PCOS and baseline IGT had a low conversion risk of 6% to type 2 diabetes over approximately 3 yr, or 2% per year. The effect of PCOS, given normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline, is more pronounced with 16% conversion to IGT per year. Our study supports that women with PCOS (especially with NGT) should be periodically rescreened for diabetes due to worsening glucose intolerance over time, but this interval may be over several years and not annually.

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