scholarly journals In middle-aged siblings of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus normal glucose tolerance is associated with insulin resistance and with increased insulin secretion. The SPIDER study

2000 ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Pontiroli ◽  
LD Monti ◽  
S Costa ◽  
PE Sandoli ◽  
A Pizzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Normal Glucose

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) in siblings of patients with Type 2 DM, and to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity in siblings with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), compared with NGT spouses of probands without family history of Type 2 DM. DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 87 families including 103 Type 2 DM patients (87 probands), and we carried out an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 130 siblings and in 60 spouses. Among NGT subjects, 12 siblings and 16 spouses underwent a low-dose insulin-glucose infusion test (LDIGIT) to evaluate C-peptide release and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: After the OGTT, 24 siblings were classified as having Type 2 DM, 31 as IGT, and only 14 spouses as IGT (P=0.0012 vs siblings). NGT siblings (n=75) showed higher insulin levels at 120 min than NGT spouses (n=46) at OGTT, in spite of identical blood glucose levels; at LDIGIT, NGT siblings secreted more C-peptide and showed a lower insulin sensitivity than NGT spouses. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that middle-aged siblings of probands with Type 2 DM have a high frequency of IGT and Type 2 DM, and that NGT siblings have increased insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion when compared with adequate controls.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance, Hyperinsulinemia with Normal Blood Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (Prediabetes Insulin Resistance Research)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Yanping Gong ◽  
Fusheng Fang ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Normal Glucose

Aim.To evaluate the differences in insulin resistance (IR) among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), hyperinsulinemia with NGT (HINS), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods.5 NGT, 25 HINS, 25 IGT, and 25 T2DM subjects participated in this research. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (HECT) was performed in all of them to evaluate IR levels. The relative factors influencing IR were evaluated. The simple insulin sensitivity indices were calculated, and the correlation between each index and the M value was analyzed.Results.TheMvalues of NGT, HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were 11.88 ± 2.93 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.23 ± 1.73 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.37 ± 2.12 mg·kg−1·min−1, and 6.19 ± 1.89 mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively.Mvalues in HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were lower than those in the NGT group (P=0.005); however, the differences among the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were not statistically significant (P=0.835). The independent factors influencing theMvalue were waistline and fasting insulin level (FINS). The simple insulin sensitivity indices, especially Matsuda and Gutt index, were significantly associated with theMvalue (P<0.01).Conclusion.IR existed in the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups, and IR levels were consistent in the three groups. The independent factors influencing IR were waistline and FINS.

scholarly journals Assessing microRNA-375 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients and T2DM Patients Having First-Degree Relatives With T2DM 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Xu ◽  
Li Yashan ◽  
Man Baohua ◽  
Li Dexuan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Glucose

Abstract Background:The pancreatic islet specific microRNA-375 (miR-375) is reported to be upregulated in diabetes patients suppressing the glucose-induced insulin secretion. In this clinical study we aimed to assess the significance of miR-375 among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance (FD-NGT) and those with T2DM (FD-T2DM).Methods:We included 56 Han Chinese individuals who received medical health check-ups from January 2018 to September 2018 in the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Yunnan Province, China. They were categorized as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), T2DM, FD-NGT and FD-T2DM. OGTT, C-Peptide and Insulin tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The miR-375 levels were determined by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).Results:The OGTT test showed a significant difference in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT (p＜0.05). Similar results were observed during C-Peptide and insulin tests. Interestingly, the 2-hour insulin test showed FD-NGT group having a significantly higher mean ± standard error of (64.240±12.775) compared to NGT (28.836±10.875). Assessment of miR-375 expression levels in 4 groups showed a significant up-regulation in T2DM and FD-T2DM compared with NGT and FD-NGT group. A slight increase in miRNA expression was observed in FD-NGT compared with NGT group but was not statistically significant.Conclusion: A significantly higher miR-375 expression was observed in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT and thus, miR-375 may serve as a stable biomarker for the early prediction of T2DM among high-risk individuals.

scholarly journals Increased Serum ANGPTL8 Concentrations in Patients with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Yin ◽  
Xiaoying Ding ◽  
Liang Peng ◽  
Yanqiang Hou ◽  
Yunxia Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Normal Glucose

The objectives of the study were to investigate serum ANGPTL8 concentrations in different glucose metabolic statuses and to explore the correlations between serum ANGPTL8 levels and various metabolic parameters. Serum ANGPTL8 levels were determined using ELISA in 22 subjects with NGT (normal glucose tolerance), 74 subjects with IGR (impaired glucose regulation), and 33 subjects with T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). Subjects with IFG, IGT, CGI, and T2DM had higher levels of serum ANGPTL8 than subjects with NGT. Serum ANGPTL8 was positively correlated with FPG, fasting C-peptide, and postprandial C-peptide and negatively correlated with BETA/IR when adjusted for age and BMI. Multivariate analysis suggested FPG and fasting C-peptide as independent factors associated with serum ANGPTL8 levels. Serum ANGPTL8 concentrations were significantly increased in IGR and T2DM. Serum ANGPTL8 might play a role in the pathological mechanism of glucose intolerance.

scholarly journals Determining pancreatic β-cell compensation for changing insulin sensitivity using an oral glucose tolerance test

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (9) ◽  
pp. E822-E829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. J. Solomon ◽  
Steven K. Malin ◽  
Kristian Karstoft ◽  
Sine H. Knudsen ◽  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Normal Glucose

Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses during an OGTT are informative for both research and clinical practice in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to use such information to determine insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion so as to calculate an oral glucose disposition index (DIOGTT) that is a measure of pancreatic β-cell insulin secretory compensation for changing insulin sensitivity. We conducted an observational study of n = 187 subjects, representing the entire glucose tolerance continuum from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes. OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity (SI OGTT) was calculated using a novel multiple-regression model derived from insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp as the independent variable. We also validated the novel SI OGTT in n = 40 subjects from an independent data set. Plasma C-peptide responses during OGTT were used to determine oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSISOGTT), and DIOGTT was calculated as the product of SI OGTT and GSISOGTT. Our novel SI OGTT showed high agreement with clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (typical error = +3.6%; r = 0.69, P < 0.0001) and that insulin sensitivity was lowest in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. GSISOGTT demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with SI OGTT. GSISOGTT was lowest in normal glucose-tolerant subjects and greatest in those with impaired glucose tolerance. DIOGTT was sequentially lower with advancing glucose intolerance. We hereby derive and validate a novel OGTT-derived measurement of insulin sensitivity across the entire glucose tolerance continuum and demonstrate that β-cell compensation for changing insulin sensitivity can be readily calculated from clinical variables collected during OGTT.

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