Use of low carbohydrate, high protein diets in cats with diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. CASE SUMMARIES: Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism. After initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, the patient required a 22.2% increase (from 45 to 57.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. Her INR remained in the therapeutic range on this dose for 8 weeks. When the patient stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, a decrease back to the original warfarin dose was required to return to a therapeutic INR. Case 2. A 58-year-old white man had been receiving warfarin for 8 years for a cerebrovascular accident. Initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a 30% increase (from 26.25 to 37.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. His warfarin dose was reduced to the original dose after he stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. DISCUSSION: The Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible adverse effect between warfarin and high-protein diets. High-protein diets have been shown to increase serum albumin levels. This may result in more warfarin binding to serum albumin, thereby decreasing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The increase of albumin occurs rapidly after initiation of a high-protein diet and appears to promptly affect anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate a significant interaction between high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets and warfarin therapy. Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be educated on and monitored for the potential interaction that occurs with warfarin therapy and high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.

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Beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate-high-protein diets in long-term diabetic rats

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0026-0495(80)90166-3 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 421-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eberhard G. Siegel ◽

Volker E. Trapp ◽

Claes B. Wollheim ◽

Albert E. Renold ◽

Felix H. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Protein ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

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Body niacin status in diabetes mellitus: Effect of protein level in a ration

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl11329 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

R Ye Sadykova ◽

V M Kodentsova ◽

A V Dreval

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Protein Level ◽

Alloxan Diabetes ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

High Dose ◽

Nicotinamide Coenzymes ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

Administration of a high-protein diet providing 7-7.8 g of tryptophan per kg of the ration to rats with streptozotocin and alloxan diabetes mellitus resulted in development of a trend to increased liver content of nicotinamide coenzymes and in increased 1-methylnicotinamide excretion with the urine in both groups of animals, this reflecting increased niacin synthesis from tryptophan. Sugar-reducing effect of high-dose nicotinamide was not potentiated by increase of protein share in the ration. These results permitted the authors to suggest that intensification of endogenous niacin synthesis from tryptophan contained in the ration may be one of the mechanisms of a protective effect of high- protein diets in diabetes.

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Low Carb High Protein Diets as Management Tool of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Obesity Open Access ◽

10.16966/2380-5528.131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Govers E

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Protein ◽

Management Tool ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

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High-Protein Diets for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 621-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samar Malaeb ◽

Caitlin Bakker ◽

Lisa S Chow ◽

Anne E Bantle

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Glycemic Outcomes ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

ABSTRACT Diet has the potential to be a powerful and cost-effective tool for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). High-protein diets have shown promise for this purpose. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate whether high-protein diets improve glycemic outcomes in people with T2D. We conducted a systematic search of literature published prior to 1 February 2018 to find clinical studies of high-protein diet patterns for treatment of T2D in human participants. A high-protein diet was defined as a diet with protein content greater than that of a typical diet in the United States (>16% of total energy as protein). Studies were excluded if weight loss >5% occurred or if no glycemic outcomes were measured. A total of 21 independent articles met our criteria and were included. Most tested diets had a protein content of around 30% of total energy. Many studies supported the use of high-protein diets for patients with T2D, but were limited by small size (n = 8–32) and short duration (1–24 wk). Randomized controlled trials tended to be larger (n = 12–419) and longer (6 wk–2 y), and had mixed results, with many trials showing no difference between a high-protein diet and control. Many randomized controlled trials were limited by low compliance and high dropout rates >15%. There were no consistent beneficial or detrimental effects of high-protein diets on renal or cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence was insufficient to recommend 1 type of protein (plant or animal) over the other. Our review suggests that interventions to improve compliance with diet change over the long term may be equally important as specific macronutrient recommendations for treatment of T2D.

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Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets for management of type 2 diabetes

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.113.061705 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 247-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roman Pawlak

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

High Protein ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

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The Relationship between Modern Fad Diets and Kidney Stone Disease: A Systematic Review of Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4270

Author(s):

Yazeed Barghouthy ◽

Mariela Corrales ◽

Bhaskar Somani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Stone Disease ◽

High Protein ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets ◽

Diet Type

Objectives: Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a strong association with diet metabolic syndrome. This review aims at exploring the lithogenic risk posed by the current most popular diets. Our approach was to search for the effect of each diet type on the major urinary risk factors, to try to draw conclusions regarding the association of a specific diet type and KSD. Methods: This systematic review searched for the available literature exploring the association between the existing popular fad diets and KSD. Articles in English, French and Spanish were included, without restriction of the search period with the final search done in August 2021. Results: Total number of studies and studies for each diet type was as follows: 22 articles for the low carbohydrate diet, 20 articles for high protein diets, 26 articles for vegetarian and vegan diets. There exists a substantial variability in different low carbohydrate and high protein diets, and considerable overlap between modern popular fad diets. High carbohydrate intake might increase urine uric acid, calcium and oxalate levels. High protein diets increase urine calcium and uric acid and lower urine pH and citrate. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the urinary volume and urinary citrate. In vegan diets, sufficient daily calcium intake is important to avoid possible secondary hyperoxaluria. Conclusions: Few studies evaluated the direct relationship between modern fad diets and KSD. In general, the reduction of carbohydrate in the diet, and counterbalancing protein rich diets with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, seem to play a protective role against KSD formation. Maintaining sufficient calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets is important. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate the link between KSD and each diet type.

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