Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium in different diets on performance of IPB D-2 chicken during developer-layer period

Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium improved the productivity of livestock. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on different diets of IPB D-2 chickens during 15-21 weeks. Completely randomized factorial 2 x 2 (factor A was diet type and factor B was vitamin E supplementation) and five replications was used in this experiment. The variables observed were performance, blood profile, organ immunity and percentage of carcass weight. The results showed that diet type had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on feed consumption in the developer and layer periods and had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on feed consumption in the pre-layer period and body weight gain in the layer period. Vitamin E and selenium supplementation had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on pre-layer feed consumption. The blood profile was in normal range with optimal stress levels. There was significantly interaction (P < 0.05) between diet type and vitamin E supplementation on carcass percentage and highly significantly interaction (P < 0.01) on layer feed conversion. Parameters of immune organ and egg production were not affected by treatment. The diet type was reduced by 5% from the standard with supplementation vitamin E dan selenium showed the best result for IPB D-2 chicken performance.

Dairy Processing: The Soft Spreadable Cheese Xygalo Siteias

The aim of cheese manufacturers is to produce high quality and safe products. Along the food chain of “milk to cheese and food products”, milk is collected, transferred, and managed in a standardized manner; processing results in safe, ready-to-eat products, of high nutritional quality. Soft, acid cheeses are prepared in various regions of Greece, mainly from ewe milk, goat milk, or their mixtures. They are produced from the rennet and/or acid coagulation of thermally-treated, full-fat milk undergoing acidification/curdling and ripening. Xygalo Siteias is a Greek soft cheese, produced in the area of Siteia, Crete, where it was recognized as PDO in 2011. It is close—more in texture and less in taste—with other cream cheeses PDO of Greece, such as Pichtogalo of Chania, and Katiki Domokou, still it differs in the preparation technique as well as in its physicochemical, biochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic characteristics. In this review, we focus on the processing and characteristics of Xygalo Siteias, mentioning perspectives for the further microbiological characterization of the product, the determination of its shelf-life in combination with new packaging-materials, as well as the attention it deserves as a food important for breeders, the local economy, and consumers, since it is associated with the Cretan-Mediterranean diet type.

The Relationship between Modern Fad Diets and Kidney Stone Disease: A Systematic Review of Literature

Objectives: Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a strong association with diet metabolic syndrome. This review aims at exploring the lithogenic risk posed by the current most popular diets. Our approach was to search for the effect of each diet type on the major urinary risk factors, to try to draw conclusions regarding the association of a specific diet type and KSD. Methods: This systematic review searched for the available literature exploring the association between the existing popular fad diets and KSD. Articles in English, French and Spanish were included, without restriction of the search period with the final search done in August 2021. Results: Total number of studies and studies for each diet type was as follows: 22 articles for the low carbohydrate diet, 20 articles for high protein diets, 26 articles for vegetarian and vegan diets. There exists a substantial variability in different low carbohydrate and high protein diets, and considerable overlap between modern popular fad diets. High carbohydrate intake might increase urine uric acid, calcium and oxalate levels. High protein diets increase urine calcium and uric acid and lower urine pH and citrate. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the urinary volume and urinary citrate. In vegan diets, sufficient daily calcium intake is important to avoid possible secondary hyperoxaluria. Conclusions: Few studies evaluated the direct relationship between modern fad diets and KSD. In general, the reduction of carbohydrate in the diet, and counterbalancing protein rich diets with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, seem to play a protective role against KSD formation. Maintaining sufficient calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets is important. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate the link between KSD and each diet type.

Factors Affecting Dietary Improvements in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Institutions Receiving Domiciliary Dental Care

Background: Oral disabilities occur due to tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate oral and systemic factors related to diet in elderly residents receiving domiciliary dental care. Methods: The subjects were 74 consenting residents. Survey items included whether subjects could eat independently and diet type. Subjects were examined by the dentist for the number of teeth, occlusal support index, and wearing dentures. Contingency table analysis was performed to determine what levels of decline in general and oral functions led to difficulties eating a normal diet. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean number of activities of daily living (ADL) requiring assistance evident between subjects eating a normal diet and those eating fluid boiled rice (p < 0.01). A comparison of occlusal support and diet type showed that most subjects who ate a soft diet or gruel had no occlusal support. Almost all subjects who ate a normal diet wore dentures. However, only 38% of subjects eating a soft diet and 40% of those eating gruel did wear dentures; both group differences were significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Future studies need to further investigate oral factors related to the type of diet and their relationships to domiciliary dental care in older adults.

327 Effects of Inclusion of Amaferm on Animal Performance, Chewing Activity, and Nutrient Digestibility of Backgrounding Beef Heifers Fed Either a Sorghum Silage- or a Byproducts-based Diet

Eighty-four Angus crossbred heifers (13 ± 1 mo, 329.5 ± 61.92 kg of BW) were used in a generalized randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a feed additive inclusion under two growing diets. Factors included: 1) diet type (whole plant sorghum silage- or byproducts-based diet) and 2) feed additive inclusion [Amaferm (Aspergillus oryzae (extract)] included at 0 or 0.02% of the diet DM. This resulted in four treatments: sorghum-control (SC), sorghum-amaferm (SA), byproducts-control (BC) and byproducts-amaferm (BA). Heifers were housed in 12 pens (108 m2/pen; 7 heifers/ pen) equipped with GrowSafe technology, to measure individual dry matter intake (DMI). After a 14-d adaptation, BW was measured every 14 d, during 56 days, and chewing activity was monitored through collar-mounted HR-Tags (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel). Apparent total tract digestibility was measured on 10 heifers per treatment after the 56-d performance period, using indigestible NDF as a marker. Heifers fed the byproducts diet had (P ≤ 0.01) greater DMI as % of BW (2.92 vs. 2.59%) and greater average daily gain (1.16 vs. 0.68 kg/d). Amaferm improved gain-to-feed ratio by 15% in the byproducts diet (P ≤ 0.05) but it had no effect in the sorghum silage diet (P = 0.59). Conversely, Amaferm inclusion increased apparent total tract organic matter digestibility in the sorghum silage diet (SC = 49.8 vs. SA = 55.9%; P ≤ 0.01), whereas reduced it in the byproducts diet (BC = 65.8 vs. BA = 61.7%; P ≤ 0.05). Heifers fed a sorghum silage-based diet had (P ≤ 0.01) 39 and 63% greater chewing in min/d and min/kg of DMI, respectively; however, chewing in min/kg of NDF intake was similar across diets (average 111.3 min/kg of NDF intake).

Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs

In experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6×6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher AID of lipids and ADF (P < 0.05) than CS diets. A xylanase×diet interaction was observed for the AID NDF (P < 0.05) showing larger impact of xylanase in WBP than in the other diets. Using similar dietary treatments except for CS-X, growth and body composition of the sixty males (83.0 kg) at the end of the d28 growing phase showed that pig fed the CS had greater ADFI (P = 0.004) and ADG (P = 0.014) for period 0-14d but not from 15 28d. Overall performance (0-28d) showed higher ADFI (9.5%; P = 0.015) in CS but no difference was observed for ADG and G:F. These results showed that diets containing a high proportion of by-products can give equivalent performance to a CS diet and that adding xylanase for this short period had limited.

Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based of corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal in the second diet (ByP). Diets were in mash (CT-MH and ByP-MH) or pelleted (CT-PT and ByP-PT) form. Results showed that pelleting increased digestibility in all diets with a distinct effect on the CT diet (interaction Diet x Pelleting, P < 0.05). Pelleting improved the AID of DM, CP and energy by 17, 27 and 17% in the CT diet and by 10, 9 and 17% in the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The AID of AA followed the effect observed on CP (P < 0.01). Pelleting increased AID of total NSP for the CT diet by 63% and 42% for the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The pelleting conditions improved the degradability of the compounds in the diets during digestion in pigs.

1255Associations between select lifestyle behaviours and quality of life based on MS phenotype

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) comprises progressive and non-progressive phenotypes, both presenting with symptoms that may reduce quality of life (QoL). Lifestyle behaviours, including diet, exercise, and wellness activities, are associated with higher QoL, however little is known about differences by MS phenotype. We assessed associations between lifestyle behaviours and QoL, between progressive vs non-progressive MS. Methods Self-reported cross-sectional data from the iConquerMS study (n = 1,109) were analysed. Lifestyle behaviours were queried via tick-box options for diet-type, supplement use, and wellness activities; and physical activity via Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. QoL was queried via Neuro-QoL. Linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, disability, and MS duration, was used to assess associations and moderation analyses to assess differences between MS phenotypes. Results Diet-type, physical activity, and wellness activities were associated with specific QoL subdomains. Only associations between diet and physical activity, with QoL subdomains, differed between phenotypes. Anti-inflammatory diets were associated with a 1.5-point increase in mobility in progressive MS. In non-progressive MS, high physical activity was associated with a 3.6-point decrease in depression, and a 4.2-, 2.3- and 3.0-point increase in positive affect, fine motor skills, and social participation, respectively. Conclusions Specific lifestyle behaviours were associated with QoL subdomains. Associations between diet and physical activity with QoL differed between MS phenotype. Key messages Specific lifestyle behaviours are associated with higher QoL. Lifestyle interventions for MS management should consider disease course.