Early Embryo Survival and Development in Sows with Lactational Ovulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 070905002523004-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gerritsen ◽  
NM Soede ◽  
P Langendijk ◽  
MAM Taverne ◽  
B Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Early Embryo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Survival And Development

The effects of dietary urea on embryo development in superovulated donor ewes and on early embryo survival and development in recipient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fahey ◽  
M.P. Boland ◽  
D. O’Callaghan1
Keyword(s):  
Cell Number ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Group Basis ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim was to examine the effect of dietary urea on yield and quality of embryos in superovulated donor ewes, and on embryo survival in recipient ewes. Ewes (25 donors and 34 recipients) were offered 1·25 kg of grass meal containing 50 g urea per ewe per day on a group basis; the remaining ewes (30 donors and 32 recipients) received 1·25 kg untreated grass meal per day. After 5 days, ewes were synchronized using a progestagen pessary for 14 days and stimulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Donors were naturally mated; recipients were detected in oestrus using vasectomized rams. On day 4 following the onset of oestrus, embryos were recovered from donors, graded morphologically and cell number counted. Two embryos of acceptable morphological grade (≥ eight cells on day 4) were then surgically transferred to recipient ewes. Recipients were slaughtered between days 34 and 36 post oestrus. The mean number of embryos recovered per ewe [3·68 (s.e. 0·41) v. 3·83 (s.e. 0·45)] was not different between untreated and urea-treated ewes, respectively. However, urea treatment of donor ewes reduced the mean cell number per embryo (10·27 (s.e. 0·27) v. 8·17 (s.e. 0·29) for untreated and urea-treated donor ewes, respectively, P < 0·001). Similarly, the percentage of embryos recovered that had ≥ 10 cells and their mean cell number was reduced following urea treatment of donor ewes (82/113 (73%) v. 39/93 (42%), P < 0·01 and 11·61 (s.e. 0·20) v. 10·41 (s.e. 0·29), P < 0·001) for untreated and urea-treated ewes, respectively. The diet offered to recipient ewes had no effect on the number of ewes confirmed pregnant (24/32 (75%) v. 28/34 (82%)) or on embryo survival following transfer (45/64 (70%) v. 51/68 (75%) for untreated and urea-treated ewes, respectively, P > 0·05). Excess nonprotein nitrogen in the form of dietary urea reduced embryo quality. However, embryo survival in recipient ewes was not affected when good quality embryos were transferred. This suggests that the deleterious effects of excess dietary urea are due to alterations to the oocyte and (or) the oviductal environment rather than changes in the uterine environment.

100 EMBRYO SURVIVAL AND CONCEPTUS ELONGATION FOLLOWING ASYNCHRONOUS EMBRYO TRANSFER IN CATTLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
F. Randi ◽  
B. Fernandez ◽  
M. McDonald ◽  
C. Johnson ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Maternal progesterone (P4) regulates early conceptus growth and development in ruminants. Early embryo transfer studies in sheep and cattle demonstrated a need for close synchrony between the embryo and the uterine environment of the recipient. However, manipulating P4 may be one way of strategically regulating the temporal changes that normally occur in the uterine environment in order to allow flexibility in the timing of embryo transfer. For example, previous studies have demonstrated that P4 administration during the first few days of the oestrous cycle facilitates pregnancy establishment with older embryos. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of embryo-uterine synchrony on conceptus elongation in cattle. Oestrous cycles of crossbred beef heifers were synchronised using an 8-day P4-Releasing Intravaginal Device (PRID Delta®, CEVA, Mountain View, CA, USA) with administration of a prostaglandin F2α analogue (Enzaprost®, CEVA; 5 mL equivalent to 25 mg of dinoprost) given on the day before PRID removal. Heifers were checked for signs of oestrus 4 times per day commencing 30 h after PRID withdrawal. Only those seen in standing oestrus (n = 50) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups to receive Day 7 in vitro-produced blastocysts (n = 10 per recipient) (1) on Day 5 post-oestrus; (2) on Day 5, with P4 supplementation via PRID from Day 3 to 5 + 750 IU of eCG at PRID insertion; (3) on Day 5, PRID Delta from Day 3 to 5 plus 3000 IU of hCG at PRID insertion; (4) on Day 7, or (5) on Day 9. At embryo age Day 14, all heifers were slaughtered and the uterus was flushed to recover and measure conceptuses. Data are summarised in Table 1. Fewer recipients yielded conceptuses (P < 0.05) and fewer conceptuses overall were recovered (P < 0.05) following transfer on Day 5 compared with Day 7 or Day 9. Supplementation with P4 resulted in short cycles (evidenced by corpus luteum regression and/or a recent ovulation at slaughter) in 33.3 to 54.5% of recipients receiving embryos on Day 5. Mean conceptus length was greater (P < 0.05) following transfer to an advanced uterus. In conclusion, transfer of embryos to a retarded (Day 5) uterine environment results in poor embryo survival. Supplementation with P4 shortened the interoestrous period in a significant number of heifers. Transfer to an advanced uterine environment promotes conceptus elongation, presumably driven by P4. Table 1.Embryo survival and conceptus length data

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by bisphenol A exposure during different periods of spermatogenesis: from spermatozoa to the progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lombó ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Díez ◽  
Silvia González-Rojo ◽  
María Paz Herráez
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Survival And Development

AbstractExposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been related to male reproductive disorders. Since this endocrine disruptor also displays genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects, it likely alters the spermatogenesis, a process in which both hormones and chromatin remodeling play crucial roles. The hypothesis of this work is that BPA impairs early embryo development by modifying the spermatic genetic and epigenetic information. Zebrafish males were exposed to 100 and 2000 μg/L BPA during early spermatogenesis and during the whole process. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects on spermatozoa (comet assay and immunocytochemistry) as well as progeny development (mortality, DNA repairing activity, apoptosis and epigenetic profile) were evaluated. Exposure to 100 µg/L BPA during mitosis slightly increased sperm chromatin fragmentation, enhancing DNA repairing activity in embryos. The rest of treatments promoted high levels of sperm DNA damage, triggering apoptosis in early embryo and severely impairing survival. Regarding epigenetics, histone acetylation (H3K9Ac and H3K27Ac) was similarly enhanced in spermatozoa and embryos from males exposed to all the treatments. Therefore, BPA male exposure jeopardizes embryonic survival and development due to the transmission of a paternal damaged genome and of a hyper-acetylated histone profile, both alterations depending on the dose of the toxicant and the temporal window of exposure.

Investigation of the oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) gene associated with embryo survival and development in the rabbit1

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. García ◽  
R. Peiró ◽  
M. J. Argente ◽  
M. Merchán ◽  
J. M. Folch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Survival And Development

scholarly journals Electroporation and genetic supply of Cas9 increase the generation efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in alleles in C57BL/6J mouse zygotes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Alghadban ◽  
Amine Bouchareb ◽  
Robert Hinch ◽  
Polinka Hernandez-Pliego ◽  
Daniel Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Mouse Zygotes

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 machinery delivered as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to the zygote has become a standard tool for the development of genetically modified mouse models. In recent years, a number of reports have demonstrated the effective delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 machinery via zygote electroporation as an alternative to the conventional delivery method of microinjection. In this study, we have performed side-by-side comparisons of the two RNP delivery methods across multiple gene loci and conclude that electroporation compares very favourably with conventional pronuclear microinjection, and report an improvement in mutagenesis efficiency when delivering CRISPR via electroporation for the generation of simple knock-in alleles using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) repair templates. In addition, we show that the efficiency of knock-in mutagenesis can be further increased by electroporation of embryos derived from Cas9-expressing donor females. The maternal supply of Cas9 to the zygote avoids the necessity to deliver the relatively large Cas9 protein, and high efficiency generation of both indel and knock-in allele can be achieved by electroporation of small single-guide RNAs and ssODN repair templates alone. Furthermore, electroporation, compared to microinjection, results in a higher rate of embryo survival and development. The method thus has the potential to reduce the number of animals used in the production of genetically modified mouse models.

161 EFFECT OF MELOXICAM TREATMENT ON PREGNANCY RATES IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
A. Guzeloglu ◽  
H. Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Pregnancy Recognition

We previously reported that administration of flunixin meglumine two times at a critical stage approaching pregnancy recognition associated with corpus luteum maintenance increased early embryo survival and pregnancy rate via an additive antiluteolytic effect with the conceptus (Guzeloglu et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 183). In this study, the objective was to determine if a single administration of meloxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a longer half-life, could be used instead of flunixin meglumine to avoid repeated injections in heifers at a critical stage following insemination to increase pregnancy rate due to its inhibitory effect on PGF2� synthesis. Eighty-five 15-18-month-old Holstein heifers were synchronized; following insemination (Day 0), the heifers were randomly assigned to receive a subcutaneous meloxicam injection (0.5 mg kg-1; n = 37) in the afternoon of Day 15 or left untreated as controls (n = 48). Pregnancy rates were defined as the percentage of heifers diagnosed pregnant by ultrasound between Days 31 and 38 after AI. The effect of treatment on pregnancy rates was analyzed by chi-square test. Meloxicam treatment on Day 15 after insemination dramatically decreased the pregnancy rates in the heifers (25 of 48 (52%) in the control group vs. 9 of 37 (24.3%) in the meloxicam-treated group; P &lt; 0.01). This result indicates that administration of meloxicam around a time associated with pregnancy recognition and corpus luteum maintenance was harmful to the pregnancy even though the drug is considered to be safe during pregnancy in cattle. It is concluded that direct or indirect effects of meloxicam on the uterine environment and/or embryo are not favorable at least during early pregnancy in cattle. How meloxicam exerted its detrimental effect on pregnancy warrants further investigation.

Effect of post-ovulation nutritional status in ewes on early conceptus survival and growth in vivo and luteotrophic protein secretion in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Wallace ◽  
RP Aitken ◽  
MA Cheyne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Survival And Growth

Overfeeding during early pregnancy in ewes compromises pregnancy establishment and/or embryo survival. To determine whether high feed intakes after ovulation alter the secretory dialogue between the conceptus and the endometrium, 24 embryos (8-16-cell) from ewes fed maintenance rations were synchronously transferred in singleton on Day 3 of the cycle (oestrus, Day 0) into the uterus of ewes receiving a high or low plane of nutrition from Day 0 (n = 12 ewes per group). Embryo survival and conceptus growth were assessed on Day 16. At this time, pregnancy was maintained in 11 of 12 recipient ewes per group and conceptus mass was not influenced by nutritional plane (637 +/- 48 v. 583 +/- 72 mg for high and low groups respectively). Conceptus and endometrial tissues were cultured separately for a further 24 h in vitro in the presence of [3H]leucine. There was no quantitative difference between nutritional treatments in the incorporation of radiolabel into proteins synthesized and secreted by the conceptus or endometrium. Secretion of ovine trophoblast protein-1 was also similar in both groups. Peripheral progesterone concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower throughout the luteal phase in recipient ewes on high v. low intakes after ovulation. This effect was independent of ovulation rate which was 3.1 +/- 0.40 and 2.6 +/- 0.25 corpora lutea for high and low groups respectively. A high plane of nutrition after ovulation did not influence embryo survival and development in vivo or luteotrophic protein secretion in vitro despite a reduction in peripheral progesterone concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document