Effect of post-ovulation nutritional status in ewes on early conceptus survival and growth in vivo and luteotrophic protein secretion in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Wallace ◽  
RP Aitken ◽  
MA Cheyne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Survival And Growth

Overfeeding during early pregnancy in ewes compromises pregnancy establishment and/or embryo survival. To determine whether high feed intakes after ovulation alter the secretory dialogue between the conceptus and the endometrium, 24 embryos (8-16-cell) from ewes fed maintenance rations were synchronously transferred in singleton on Day 3 of the cycle (oestrus, Day 0) into the uterus of ewes receiving a high or low plane of nutrition from Day 0 (n = 12 ewes per group). Embryo survival and conceptus growth were assessed on Day 16. At this time, pregnancy was maintained in 11 of 12 recipient ewes per group and conceptus mass was not influenced by nutritional plane (637 +/- 48 v. 583 +/- 72 mg for high and low groups respectively). Conceptus and endometrial tissues were cultured separately for a further 24 h in vitro in the presence of [3H]leucine. There was no quantitative difference between nutritional treatments in the incorporation of radiolabel into proteins synthesized and secreted by the conceptus or endometrium. Secretion of ovine trophoblast protein-1 was also similar in both groups. Peripheral progesterone concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower throughout the luteal phase in recipient ewes on high v. low intakes after ovulation. This effect was independent of ovulation rate which was 3.1 +/- 0.40 and 2.6 +/- 0.25 corpora lutea for high and low groups respectively. A high plane of nutrition after ovulation did not influence embryo survival and development in vivo or luteotrophic protein secretion in vitro despite a reduction in peripheral progesterone concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

STIMULATION BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: COMPARISON WITH PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared with two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared from mid- and late-luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late-luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (1 μmol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone.

scholarly journals Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto: silencing of thioredoxin peroxidase impairs the differentiation of protoscoleces into metacestodes

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Chuanshan Zhang ◽  
Baoping Guo ◽  
Qin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Thioredoxin Peroxidase ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) may play an essential role in the antioxidant defence system of E. granulosus s.l. as neither catalase nor glutathione peroxidase activities have been detected in the parasite. However, it is not known whether TPx affects the survival and growth of E. granulosus s.l. during development. In this study, three fragments of siRNA specific for EgTPx (siRNA-1/2/3) were designed and transfected into protoscoleces of E. granulosus sensu stricto by electroporation. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that siRNA-3 significantly reduced the expression of EgTPx. Coincidentally, knockdown of EgTPx expression in protoscoleces with siRNA-3 significantly reduced the viability of the parasite under oxidative stress induced by 0.6 mM H2O2. In vitro culture studies showed that protoscoleces treated with siRNA-3 reduced pre-microcyst formation. In vivo experiments showed that injecting mice intraperitoneally with protoscoleces treated with siRNA-3 resulted in a significant reduction in the number, size and weight of CE cysts compared with those of control animals. Silencing of EgTPx led to the impairment of growth of E. granulosus s.s. both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that EgTPx is an important factor for protoscoleces survival and plays an important role in the antioxidant defence against the host during development.

scholarly journals Evidence for a PGF2α auto-amplification system in the endometrium in mares

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kozai ◽  
Shota Tokuyama ◽  
Anna Z Szóstek ◽  
Yuko Toishi ◽  
Nobuo Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Amplification System ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase

AbstractIn mares, prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) secreted from the endometrium is a major luteolysin. Some domestic animals have an auto-amplification system in which PGF2αcan stimulate its own production. Here, we investigated whether this is also the case in mares. In anin vivostudy, mares at the mid-luteal phase (days 6–8 of estrous cycle) were injected i.m. with cloprostenol (250 µg) and blood samples were collected at fixed intervals until 72 h after treatment. Progesterone (P4) concentrations started decreasing 45 min after the injection and continued to decrease up to 24 h (P < 0.05). In turn, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α(PGFM) metabolite started to increase 4h after an injection and continued to increase up to 72 h (P < 0.05). PGF receptor (PTGFR) mRNA expression in the endometrium was significantly higher in the late luteal phase than in the early and regressed luteal phases (P < 0.05).In vitro, PGF2αsignificantly stimulated (P < 0.05) PGF2αproduction by endometrial tissues and endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and significantly increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), an enzyme involved in PGF2αsynthesis in endometrial cell. These findings strongly suggest the existence of an endometrial PGF2αauto-amplification system in mares.

scholarly journals Active immunization against the proregions of GDF9 or BMP15 alters ovulation rate and litter size in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Joy McIntosh ◽  
Steve Lawrence ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Jennifer L Juengel ◽  
Kenneth P McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immunization Group

The transforming growth factor β (TGFB) superfamily proteins bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), are essential for mammalian fertility. Recent in vitro evidence suggests that the proregions of mouse BMP15 and GDF9 interact with their mature proteins after secretion. In this study, we have actively immunized mice against these proregions to test the potential in vivo roles on fertility. Mice were immunized with either N- or C-terminus proregion peptides of BMP15 or GDF9, or a full-length GDF9 proregion protein, each conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). For each immunization group, ovaries were collected from ten mice for histology after immunization, while a further 20 mice were allowed to breed and litter sizes were counted. To link the ovulation and fertility data of these two experimental end points, mice were joined during the time period identified by histology as being the ovulatory period resulting in to the corpora lutea (CL) counted. Antibody titers in sera increased throughout the study period, with no cross-reactivity observed between BMP15 and GDF9 sera and antigens. Compared with KLH controls, mice immunized with the N-terminus BMP15 proregion peptide had ovaries with fewer CL (P<0.05) and produced smaller litters (P<0.05). In contrast, mice immunized with the full-length GDF9 proregion not only had more CL (P<0.01) but also had significantly smaller litter sizes (P<0.01). None of the treatments affected the number of antral follicles per ovary. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the proregions of BMP15 and GDF9, after secretion by the oocyte, have physiologically important roles in regulating ovulation rate and litter size in mice.

scholarly journals 173TRANSFER OF VITRIFIED BLASTOCYSTS FROM ONE OR TWO SUPEROVULATED LARGE WHITE HYPERPROLIFIC DONORS TO MEISHAN RECIPIENTS: REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AT DAY 30 OF PREGNANCY

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
C. Cuello ◽  
F. Berthelot ◽  
F. Martinat-Botté ◽  
P. Guillouet ◽  
V. Furstoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Large White ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Group 1

The present study was designed to determine the effect of pooling embryos from two donors on the reproductive success of transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. Superovulated Large White hyperprolific gilts (n=24) were used as embryo donors. Gilts were artificially inseminated 12 and 24h after initial detection of estrus using fresh semen, and slaughtered on Days 5.5 to 6 of the estrous cycle (Day 0=Onset of estrus). Embryos were recovered by flushing the uterine horns, and unhatched blastocysts were selected. Vitrification and warming were performed as reported previously (Berthelot et al., 2000 Cryobiology 41, 116–124). Embryo transfers were conducted in asynchronous (−24h) Meishan gilts (n=20). Twenty vitrified/warmed blastocysts were surgically transferred into one uterine horn. Ten recipients received embryos from one donor (group 1) and the other ten transfers were performed with mixed embryos from two donors (group 2). Pregnancy was assessed ultrasonographically at Day 25 after estrus and recipients were slaughtered five days later. The pregnancy rate from the different groups was compared using Fisher exact test. The GLM procedure of SAS was used to determine the effect of the origin of embryos (one or two donors) on the number of developed fetuses and viable fetuses at Day 30 of pregnancy. The ovulation rate was 32.5±11.8 (mean±SD). The total number of embryos collected was 634, of which 57 (9.0%), 36 (5.7%), 513 (80.9%) and 28 (4.4%), were unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos, morulae, unhatched blastocysts and hatched blastocysts, respectively. The ratio of collected embryos to the number of corpora lutea was 81.3%. The pregnancy rate for group 1 (70%) was not different (P&gt;0.05) than that for group 2 (90%). No significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 for in vivo embryo development (number fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 33.3% v. 40%) or in vivo embryo survival (number viable fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 27.9% v. 33.9%). However, the in vivo efficiency (number viable fetuses/total transferred embryos) was higher (P&lt;0.05) when transfers were performed with embryos from two donors (19.5% v. 30.5%). These results indicate that pooling embryos from two donors increases the in vivo efficiency after transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. This study was supported by grant from SENECA (FPI/99, Spain).

scholarly journals 183PREGNANCY RATE FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF IN VITRO- AND IN VIVO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS TO LH-TREATED RECIPIENTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Small ◽  
M. Colazo ◽  
D. Ambrose ◽  
R. Mapletoft ◽  
J. Reeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Frozen Embryos

The objective was to evaluate the effect of pLH treatment on pregnancy rates in recipients receiving in vivo- or in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Heifers (n=37) and lactating (n=28) and non-lactating (n=150) beef cows were treated at random stages of the cycle with 100μg GnRH i.m. (Cystorelin, Merial Canada Inc., Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada) on Day −9, 500μg cloprostenol i.m. (PGF; Estrumate, Schering Plough Animal Health, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada) on Day —2 and GnRH on Day 0 (66h post-PGF; without estrus detection). Cattle were placed at random, by class, into three groups: no further treatment (Control; n=71), or 12.5mg pLH (Lutropin-V, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada) on Day 5 (n=72) or on Day 7 (n=72) after the second GnRH. On Day 7, cattle with a CL &gt;10mm in diameter (determined ultrasonically) received in vivo-produced, fresh (Simmental) or frozen (Holstein), or in vitro-produced frozen (Holstein) embryos (embryo type balanced among groups). Embryos were cryopreserved in 10% ethylene glycol; in vivo-produced frozen embryos were thawed 5 to 10s in air, 15s in a water-bath at 30°C and then “direct-transferred” nonsurgically. In vitro-produced frozen embryos (donated by IND Lifetech Inc., Delta, British Columbia, Canada) were thawed in a water-bath at 27°C for 10s and placed in ViGro Holding Plus medium (AB Technology, Pullman, WA, USA) at room temperature, evaluated and then transferred nonsurgically. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography on Day 35. Data were analyzed with CATMOD, chi-square and GLM procedures (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.). Twenty cattle (9.3%) did not receive embryos; five heifers had cervical problems, and five heifers and 10 cows did not have a CL &gt;10mm. Overall, 7.1% of the recipients had two CL on the day of embryo transfer. There was no effect (P&gt;0.05) of treatment, embryo type (or interaction) or class of recipient on pregnancy rate (overall, 44.1%, 86/195; Table 1). Similarly, mean (±SD) CL diameter and luteal area did not differ (P&gt;0.05) among groups or between pregnant and open recipients (overall, 22.0±3.4mm and 352.0±108.7mm, respectively). However, recipients with a CL diameter ≥18mm tended (P&lt;0.1) to have a higher pregnancy rate (45.8 vs 25.0%). In a subset of 40 recipients examined ultrasonically on Day 12, 50% of those treated on Day 5 and 70% of those treated with pLH on Day 7 had two CL. In summary, overall pregnancy rate in GnRH-synchronized recipients receiving in vitro- or in vivo-produced embryos by nonsurgical transfer was 44.1%. Embryo survival to Day 35 was not affected by type of embryo or treatment with pLH 5 or 7 days after ovulation. Table 1 Pregnancy rate in recipients on Day 35 based on pLH treatment and embryo-type

Minimum volume Spatula MVD vitrification method improves embryo survival compared to traditional slow freezing, both for in vivo and in vitro produced mice embryos

Cryobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Noel Meikle ◽  
Geraldine Schlapp ◽  
Alejo Menchaca ◽  
Martina Crispo
Keyword(s):  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Embryo Survival

Effect of dietary energy concentrations during the peri-ovulatory period on the in vivo and in vitro development of fertilized sheep ova

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
N.M. Al-Khozam ◽  
J.J. Robinson ◽  
T.G. McEvoy ◽  
R.P. Aitken ◽  
P.A. Findlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Vitro Development

Results from a series of recent experiments involving superovulated ewes demonstrate the important influence of nutritionally-induced alterations in preovulatory progesterone concentrations on the subsequent in vivo and in vitro development of their fertilized ova (McEvoy et al, 1993 and 1995; Creed et al, 1994). In essence, these show that high-plane feeding can suppress preovulatory progesterone concentrations to such an extent that the subsequent development of the ova is impaired both in vivo and during in vitro culture. An important practical question however remains unanswered in that no attempt has been made to study the effects of dietary energy concentrations, as opposed to plane-of-nutrition, on progesterone concentrations and ovum development. As a result, recommendations regarding which energy sources should be used as supplements to pasture around mating time are a matter of conjecture. Furthermore, in arid environments, roughage feeds are often in short supply and therefore command a much higher price per unit of energy than concentrate diets. Under these conditions it is not unusual to feed all-concentrate diets at mating, yet there are no published data for their effects on ovum development and embryo survival.

Endocrine and physiological events from ovulation to establishment of pregnancy in cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Thatcher ◽  
M. Binelli ◽  
D. Arnold ◽  
R. Mattos ◽  
L. Badinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Feeding Diets

AbstractA series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to characterise the dialogue between embryo and maternal units relative to the mechanisms controlling embryo survival in dairy cattle. Endometrial explants from pregnant cows had an attenuated PGF2α secretory response following treatment with melittin (stimulator of PLA2) and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDBu). Thus previous exposure to the conceptus appears to regulate the endometrial synthetic pathway at a point coincident with or distal to PLA2 as well as inhibit PKC or PKC mediated events. Endometrial explants collected from cows receiving intrauterine infusions of rblFN-τ had a reduced secretory response following stimulation with PDBu indicating attenuation in PKC activity. Based upon tyrosine-phosphorylation of STAT-proteins and their translocation to the nucleus after treatment with rbIFN-τ, the JAK-STAT pathway is functional in immortalised bovine endometrial cells (BEND cells). Bend cells, exposed to rblFN-τ, reduced PDBu induction of PGF2α secretion and also decreased protein expression of Cox-2 and PLA. RblFN-τ clearly reduced PKC mediated events leading to an antiluteolytic response in endometrial cells. Feeding diets containing 2.6, 5.2 and 7.8% Menhaden fish meal to lactating dairy cows reduced uterine secretion of PGF2α following sequential injections of oestradiol and oxytocin. Thus antiluteolytic effects in early pregnancy may be amplified by feeding by-pass fats. Pregnancy rate to a timed insemination at first service post-partum is increased in association with injection of bST(500 mg; sc) given at insemination. Furthermore injection of bST at time of insemination in superovulated donor cows increased the number of blastocysts and reduced number of unfertilised embryos. Prospects of integrating novel strategies to improve embryo development and survival into reproductive management systems appear to be attainable in high producing dairy cows.

scholarly journals Birth of a Live Cria After Transfer of a Vitrified-Warmed Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Preimplantation Embryo

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Lutz ◽  
Susan L. Johnson ◽  
Kimberly J. Duprey ◽  
Paul J. Taylor ◽  
Henry William Vivanco-Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
Humidified Air

The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is an important species for the production of fiber and food. Genetic improvement programs for alpacas have been hindered, however, by the lack of field-practical techniques for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In particular, successful techniques for the cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos have not been reported previously. The objective of this study was to develop a field-practical and efficacious technique for cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos using a modification of a vitrification protocol originally devised for horses and adapted for dromedary camels. Four naturally cycling non-superovulated Huacaya females serving as embryo donors were mated to males of proven fertility. Donors received 30 μg of gonadorelin at the time of breeding, and embryos were non-surgically recovered 7 days after mating. Recovered embryos (n = 4) were placed individually through a series of three vitrification solutions at 20°C (VS1: 1.4 M glycerol; VS2: 1.4 M glycerol + 3.6 M ethylene glycol; VS3: 3.4 M glycerol + 4.6 M ethylene glycol) before loading into an open-pulled straw (OPS) and plunging directly into liquid nitrogen for storage. At warming, each individual embryo was sequentially placed through warming solutions (WS1: 0.5 M galactose at 37°C; WS2: 0.25 M galactose at 20°C), and warmed embryos were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air for 20–22 h in 1 ml Syngro® holding medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) alpaca serum to perform an initial in vitro assessment of post-warming viability. Embryos whose diameter increased during culture (n = 2) were transferred individually into synchronous recipients, whereas embryos that did not grow (n = 2) were transferred together into a single recipient to perform an in vivo assessment of post-warming viability. Initial pregnancy detection was performed ultrasonographically 29 days post-transfer when fetal heartbeat could be detected, and one of three recipients was pregnant (25% embryo survival rate). On November 13, 2019, the one pregnant recipient delivered what is believed to be the world's first cria produced from a vitrified-warmed alpaca embryo.

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