Satisfaction with Daily Occupations: Construct validity and test–retest reliability of a screening tool for people with mental health disorders

The Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) has been suggested as screening tool for exercise dependence (ED), however, a validated Chinese version of this instrument is currently lacking. To this end, the present study translated and evaluated the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the scale. Following a forward-backward translation of the EDS-R, the Chinese version (EDS-C) as well as validated scales assessing associated constructs were administered to a large sample of habitual exercisers (N=1447, 52.4% male) in universities and communities. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed and invariance test across gender was carried out. Additionally, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined. Furthermore, construct validity was tested by investigating associations of ED with exercise variables and related constructs. We observed that the EDS-C confirmed the original seven-factor structure (TLI = .94, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .068, SRMR = .032) and showed invariance across genders. Moreover, we observed good internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha ranging from 0.73 to 0.93 for sub-scales and a moderate test-retest reliability (r: 0.45-0.82). The construct validity was additionally supported given that higher levels in EDS-C associated with a higher frequency of exercise and higher levels of eating disorder symptoms, body image inflexibility and generalized anxiety symptoms. In summary, EDS-C is a reliable and valid screening tool for ED in Chinese universities as well as communities.

Download Full-text

Examining attitudes to psilocybin: Should candidates for medical psilocybin be required to pass a contextual suitability test

10.31234/osf.io/6f9qp ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Molumby ◽

Keith Gaynor ◽

Suzanne Guerin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Health Disorders ◽

Age Range ◽

Linear Regressions ◽

Medicinal Drug ◽

Online Measures

Background: Due to increasing evidence of efficacy in treating mental health disorders, psilocybin may become a legal medicinal drug. This study tested the validity of Carhart-Harris & Nutt (2017) model of extra-pharmacological (EP) factors and examined whether such factors should be taken into account in any psychological suitability test for medicinally prescribed psilocybin. Method: 219 participants (101 self-identified females, 109 males, 7 non-binary people and 2 who preferred not to say), with an age range of 18 to 68, completed three online measures of ‘personality’; ‘set, setting and intention’, and the ‘Attitudes Towards Psilocybin’ (ATP) scale. The sample was equally divided between those who had used psychedelics (52.1%) and those who had no previous psychedelic use (47.5%). A series of stepwise linear regressions were run to examine of extra-pharmcological factor predictors of ATP. Results: The ATP scale was tested in terms of its reliability, construct validity, determinant validity and was deemed an appropriate measure. A model consisting of Set, Openness to Experience and Extraversion significantly predicted ATP scores. Conclusion: These findings supported the EP model and suggest that a suitability test may be a useful tool when determining whether a prescription of psilocybin is an appropriate course of treatment.

Download Full-text

Nutrition Literacy and Healthy Diet: Findings from the Validation of a Short Seniors-Oriented Screening Tool, the Spanish Myths-NL

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12107

Author(s):

Elena Lobo ◽

María Tamayo ◽

Teresa Sanclemente

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Face Validity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

A good level of nutrition literacy (NL) is proposed as a determinant factor for following a healthy diet. Improving seniors’ NL might be particularly pertinent to enhance the quality of their diets. This study aimed to systematically design and validate a short seniors-oriented questionnaire as a screening tool to evaluate NL. We developed the Myths-NL questionnaire, composed of 10 widespread nutrition myths, and checked for its content and face validity. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the validity and the test–retest reliability, involving a community-dwelling group of 316 individuals aged 65 years and over. Construct validity was proved by establishing both discriminant and convergent validity. Cronbach α = 0.61 and Spearman r = 0.79 (p = 0.02) demonstrated internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Participants who had secondary/university studies scored significantly higher compared with those with primary (p < 0.001), and a significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.044, p = 0.001) with a positive slope (β = 0.209) between Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Myths-NL scores was observed, proving construct validity. In conclusion, the Myths-NL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to screen NL in Spanish seniors and it might be useful as an assessment NL tool for designing and implementing lifestyle interventions to promote healthy eating.

Download Full-text

Accuracy of a Community Mental Health Education and Detection (CMED) Tool for Common Mental Disorders in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-987764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Merridy Grant ◽

Inge Petersen ◽

Londiwe Mthethwa ◽

Zamasomi P.B. Luvuno ◽

Arvin Bhana

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Health Problem ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Mental Health Conditions ◽

Health Disorders

Abstract Background: Screening tools for mental health disorders improve detection at a primary health care (PHC) level. However, many people with mental health conditions do not seek care because of a lack of knowledge about mental health, stigma about mental illness and a lack of awareness of mental health services available at a PHC facility level. Interventions at a community level that raise awareness about mental health and improve detection of mental health conditions, are thus important in increasing demand and optimising the supply of available mental health services. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of a Community Mental Health Education and Detection (CMED) Tool in identifying mental health conditions using pictorial vignettes. Methods: Community Health Workers (CHWs) administered the CMED tool to 198 participants on routine visits to households. Consenting family members provided basic biographical information prior to the administration of the tool. To determine the accuracy of the CMED in identifying individuals in households with possible mental health disorders, we compared the number of individuals identified using the CMED vignettes to the validated Brief Mental Health (BMH) screening tool. Results: The CMED performed at an acceptable level with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 -0.79), identifying 79% (sensitivity) of participants as having a possible mental health problem and 67% (specificity) of participants as not having a mental health problem. Overall, the CMED positively identified 55.2% of household members relative to 49.5% on the BMH.Conclusion: The CMED is acceptable as a mental health screening tool for use by CHWs at a household level.

Download Full-text