Determination of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antimicrobial Properties in Different Solvent Extracts of Viburnum opulus L. (Gilaburu) in Afyonkarahisar

This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of the Viburnum opulus (V. opulus) plant. V. opulus (Gilaburu) was collected from Ahırdağı northern slope, Kırka Town, Afyonkarahisar region, and its leaves, branches, and fruit parts were dried and powdered at room temperature. The total phenolic content was compared with the gallic acid standard, the total flavonoid content with the quercetin standard, and the iron chelating effect with the EDTA standard. All extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphyllococcus aureus, and Candida glabrata strains by the agar well diffusion method. Gilaburu is widely used in Turkey, especially in alternative medicine. It has been determined that the fruit part of the plant has better antimicrobial properties, and the amount of phenolic compounds increases in more polar solvents. In conclusion, the use of Gilaburu as a medicinal drug can be achieved with new research on bioactive substances, especially in fruit extract.

Examining attitudes to psilocybin: Should candidates for medical psilocybin be required to pass a contextual suitability test

Background: Due to increasing evidence of efficacy in treating mental health disorders, psilocybin may become a legal medicinal drug. This study tested the validity of Carhart-Harris & Nutt (2017) model of extra-pharmacological (EP) factors and examined whether such factors should be taken into account in any psychological suitability test for medicinally prescribed psilocybin. Method: 219 participants (101 self-identified females, 109 males, 7 non-binary people and 2 who preferred not to say), with an age range of 18 to 68, completed three online measures of ‘personality’; ‘set, setting and intention’, and the ‘Attitudes Towards Psilocybin’ (ATP) scale. The sample was equally divided between those who had used psychedelics (52.1%) and those who had no previous psychedelic use (47.5%). A series of stepwise linear regressions were run to examine of extra-pharmcological factor predictors of ATP. Results: The ATP scale was tested in terms of its reliability, construct validity, determinant validity and was deemed an appropriate measure. A model consisting of Set, Openness to Experience and Extraversion significantly predicted ATP scores. Conclusion: These findings supported the EP model and suggest that a suitability test may be a useful tool when determining whether a prescription of psilocybin is an appropriate course of treatment.

Statistical Study of Self Medication with OTC and Antibiotics in three major cities of Pakistan

Aim: To discover the frequency of self-medicine with antibiotics/OTC amongst population of 3 metro cities of Pakistan (Lahore, Multan, and Islamabad). Methods: As we realize that antibiotic resistance has the ability to have an effect on humans at any level of life, in addition to the healthcare, veterinary, and agriculture industries, making it one of the global’s most pressing public health issues. There are a couple of motives for resistance and the maximum not unusual are self-medication and pharma industries antibiotic wastage without remedy. The survey used was primarily based on a cross-Sectional examine that's used to collect data on a populace at a single factor in time. Results: The material required for this survey covered Performa containing a list of questions concerning self-medicinal drug with OTC drugs and antibiotics. One hundred patients from every metropolis have been interviewed in line with the Performa/ questionnaire. Conclusion: This survey indicated want for energetic involvement of health care experts, specially physicians and pharmacists, in educating and counseling the populace approximately the safe utilization of medication, even though it is hard to eliminate self-remedy practice legal rules can be made approximately the sale of OTC pills and antibiotics so as to maximize the exercise of rational use of medication. Keywords: Antibiotics, Prescription, Health Care, Rational, Wastage

Rasayana karma of poisonous Bhallataka: A Review

Rasayan is a branch of the Ayurveda. Charaka had described fulfilling the aim of the Ayurveda i.e., drugs act by preventing old age and diseases in the healthy person. Charaka stated about two types of medicine, one which promotes resistance to the body and another which cures diseases and Rasayan therapy play a key role in achieving these goals The main aim of Rasayan therapy is to promote the formation of or resistance which in modern terminology can be called as promoting the strength of the immune system. Bhallataka, a medicinal drug has the ability to penetrate deeply into the tissues and rejuvenate the body that’s why it was used to hold in high esteem by ancient sages of Ayurveda. Maharshi Charak emphasized the Rasayana property of Bhallataka and described ten types of preparations with it. He considered bhallataka as the best drug to cure the kaphaj vyadhi. Charak has categorized Bhallataka as Dipaniya -an appetizer, Bhedaniya- to break accumulated doshas, mutra sangrahaniya- antidiuretic, and Kusthaghna -antidermatosis. In the present study, review of the drugs had been made from Ayurveda classics. Because it is important to have an awareness regarding the Poisonous drugs, when used in the proper form & prescribed dose they act as a potent therapeutic agent. It is a fact that virtually any substance can be harmful at high enough concentrations as rightly quoted that “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.”

Antimicrobial activity of copper and silver metal nanoparticles synthesized from Riccia fluitans

Riccia bryophyte, a genus of liverworts that comes under the family of Ricciaceae, order Marchantiales. The plants are primitive plant structure, that's not differentiated into root, stem, and leaf. The material utilized in this study was a Spp of a Riccia fluitans, that grows on damp soil or, less unremarkably, floating in ponds, and is usually utilized in aquariums. The nanoparticles utilized in this study exhibit potential medicinal drug activity. Advantages of its therapeutic potential can be utilized in a sizable number of fields like health care, cosmetics, biomedical, food and feed, drug-gene delivery, surroundings, health mechanics, optics, chemical industries, physical science, area industries, energy science, catalysis, lightweight emitters, single lepton transistors, nonlinear optical devices, and photo-electrochemical applications. This study aimed to gauge the medicinal drug activity of Riccian nanoparticles, copper-loaded nanoparticles, and silver-loaded nanoparticles against varied microorganisms. The result of the study showed that the Nanoparticle, Ag-NP and Cu-Np synthesized from Riccia is having good antimicrobial activity against tested organisms.

Medium-throughput zebrafish optogenetic platform identifies deficits in subsequent neural activity following brief early exposure to cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

In light of legislative changes and the widespread use of cannabis as a recreational and medicinal drug, delayed effects of cannabis upon brief exposure during embryonic development are of high interest as early pregnancies often go undetected. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) until the end of gastrulation (1–10 h post-fertilization) and analyzed later in development (4–5 days post-fertilization). In order to measure neural activity, we implemented Calcium-Modulated Photoactivatable Ratiometric Integrator (CaMPARI) and optimized the protocol for a 96-well format complemented by locomotor analysis. Our results revealed that neural activity was decreased by CBD more than THC. At higher doses, both cannabinoids could dramatically reduce neural activity and locomotor activity. Interestingly, the decrease was more pronounced when CBD and THC were combined. At the receptor level, CBD-mediated reduction of locomotor activity was partially prevented using cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptor inhibitors. Overall, we report that CBD toxicity occurs via two cannabinoid receptors and is synergistically enhanced by THC exposure to negatively impact neural activity late in larval development. Future studies are warranted to reveal other cannabinoids and their receptors to understand the implications of cannabis consumption on fetal development.

Iranian patients’ attitudes to current and novel therapies: A patient directed survey

Thalassemia is one of the important challenges of the health system in Iran. Recently the medicinal drug of luspatercept and gene therapy have opened new horizons for thalassemia treatment. The present article aims to evaluate the attitude of thalassemics in Iran about the new treatments. In this research, data collection through the virtual space has been practiced. The patients were required to declare their opinion on the aforementioned treatments. Finally, 128 male and 204 female plus 1 who did not specify their gender answered the questions. The results showed that despite patients’ positive attitude towards new treatments, their treatment experiences as well as the expenses of the new treatment practices are cause of concern. Moreover, the social problems like unemployment among thalassemics place impact on their perspective about treatment changes. Based on the findings of the present research, providing patients with more information about new treatment regimen and making the their expenses compatible with the economic status of the developing countries would be effective in making the new treatments accessible to all eligible patients.