Head injury and the time interval to computerised tomography scan

Facial lacerations are a common presentation in emergency departments. It is important to appreciate the mechanism of injury and the anatomy of structures involved in penetrating lacerations in the maxillofacial region. A 65-year-old man suffered an accidental penetrating injury with a sharp kitchen knife to the right temporal region. There was a single laceration to the right temporal region. The right eye had no perception to light, a total afferent and efferent pupillary defect and partial ophthalmoplegia. Computerised tomography scan revealed signs of penetration through the skin, temporalis, postero-lateral orbital wall and orbital apex. There was no injury to the globe or either retrobulbar or intracranial haemorrhage. A diagnosis of direct traumatic optic neuropathy was made following consultation with opthalmology and neurosurgery teams. Only two similar cases of penetrating trauma in the temporal region resulting in direct traumatic optic neuropathy have been identified in the literature. This case presentation highlights the structures that are at risk of damage from penetrating trauma in the maxillofacial region.

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Quantitative Computerised Tomography Scan Can Diagnose, Quantitate and Locate Pulmonary Emphysema Non-Invasively in Humans

Respiration ◽

10.1159/000195081 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 3-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.C. Flenley ◽

W. MacNee ◽

G. Gould ◽

A. Redpath ◽

J.J.K. Best ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Emphysema ◽

Computerised Tomography ◽

Tomography Scan

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Comparitive Analysis of Computed Tomography Scan and Post Mortem Findings in Cases of Head Injury at a Tertiary Health Centre

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00030.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Mahesh R Sabale ◽

Narendra B Kumar ◽

Hemant G Kukde ◽

Arun K Jaiswani

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Head Injury ◽

Health Centre ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Post Mortem Findings ◽

Tomography Scan

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Factors Affecting Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Among Patients Treated for Head Injury at Surgical Side, in Nekemte Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Journal of Spine and Neuroscience ◽

10.14302/issn.2694-1201.jsn-20-3554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mitiku Getachew Kumara ◽

Miresa Banti Dhugasa

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Conservative Management ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Time Interval ◽

Secondary Brain Injury ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Delayed Presentation ◽

Unfavourable Outcome

Background Traumatic brain injury is an expanding major public health problem and the leading cause of death of the young and productive part of the world’s population. Research is mainly done in high-income countries where only a small proportion of the worldwide fatalities occur. Only few studies have examined prognostic factors of traumatic brain injury outcome in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study was aimed at defining the peculiar demographic and other associated factors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome among patients treated for head injury at Nekemte Referral Hospital. Objective The main purpose of this study was to describe the magnitude of TBI outcome and assess factors associated with unfavourable outcome of TBI among patients treated for head injury at the surgical side in Nekemte Referral Hospital from July 8, 2016 to July 7, 2018. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional document review was conducted among TBI patients treated for head injury from July 8, 2016 to July 7, 2018 at Nekemte Referral Hospital. Data were collected using a pre-tested data collection format. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed and association between the dependent and independent variables were assessed by using logistic regression. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed. Significant association was declared when the p value was <0.05. Results In this study, out of 378 cases 95 (25.1%) were discharged with unfavourable outcome of which 37(9.8%) were neurologic deficits and 58 were deaths giving overall mortality rate of 15.3%. Patient age>60years (AOR: 15.13; 95%CI: 3.575-64.028), time interval from injury to treatment (AOR: 16.054; 95%CI: 5.832-44.194), low GCS (AOR: 18.224; 95%CI: 4.167, 79.695), conservative management (AOR: 20.774; 95%CI: 6.106-70.681), pupils abnormality (AOR: 9.078; 95%CI: AOR: 2.996-27.509) were associated with unfavourable outcome. Conclusions A quarter of patients treated for TBI at Nekemte Referral Hospital are discharged with unfavourable outcomes. Old age, delayed presentation to the hospital, low GCS, conservative management, and pupillary abnormality increase the odds of unfavourable outcome. Timely management of TBI before patients develop secondary brain injury and use of surgical intervention based on CT scan diagnosis will reduce the occurrence of unfavourable outcome.

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Evaluation of acute head injury by computed tomography scan in College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Chitwan

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5971 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

A Tayal ◽

PK Chhetri

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Head Injury ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Accident ◽

Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Acute Head Injury ◽

Tomography Scan

This study was conducted to evaluate the computed tomography findings in patient with acute head injury and to emphasize the importance of computed tomography scan in head injury. One hundred consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with head injury were evaluated by computed tomography scan of the head. Seventy five patients (75%) were male and twenty five (25%) were females. The age of the patients ranged from three to seventy years and the most affected age group was between thirty and forty (40%). The common causes of head injury were motor vehicle accident (70%), fall injury (25% ) and physical assault (5%). The most common computed tomographic findings were: cerebral contusions (52%), skull fractures (41%), intracerebral hematomas (24%), diffuse cerebral edema (23%), midline shift (18%), subdural hematomas (15%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (13%), diffuse axonal injury (8%), intraventricular hemorrhage (6%), extradural hemotomas (4%), pnemocephalus (2%) and normal scans were found in (5%). In conclusion, computed tomography is the mainstay in the imaging of head injury and helps in the patient management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5971 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 36-39

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Nitrofurantoin associated pulmonary fibrosis

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 985

Author(s):

Olayinka A. Ogundipe

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Computerised Tomography ◽

Medication History ◽

Prolonged Duration ◽

Bilateral Lung ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Tomography Scan

This report describes the case of an 83 years old woman presenting to hospital due to a fall, and acute confusion. On admission, she was diagnosed as having clinical and plain X-ray features of a pneumonia. Following treatment and recovery from the pneumonia, she was noted to have persistent clinical signs of bilateral lung crackles on auscultation. A high-resolution computerised tomography scan showed signs of interstitial lung disease consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. Of relevance was a medication history that indicated oral nitrofurantoin had been initiated in primary care for the long-term prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. Given the prolonged duration of use of ten years, we considered the possibility of this being an adverse drug reaction in the form of nitrofurantoin associated pulmonary fibrosis. This report also briefly reviews the relevant literature on nitrofurantoin associated pulmonary fibrosis and to promote objectivity in the pharmacovigilance related reporting. The report has been reviewed with the aid of two validated causality assessment systems.

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