Plasma Concentrations of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide After Glucagon Administration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Non-diabetic Subjects

Abstract Fibrinogen is a strong cardiovascular risk factor in the general population, and increased fibrinogen plasma concentrations have been reported in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms leading to hyperfibrinogenemia in type 2 diabetes are not known. It is also not known whether possible alterations of fibrinogen turnover may precede clinical diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications and therefore potentially contribute to their onset. To address these questions, fibrinogen production was determined in six male type 2 diabetic patients without detectable micro- and macrovascular complications (age, 45 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 0.9 kg/m2) and in seven nondiabetic matched controls using leucine isotope precursor-product relationships. Plasma glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P < 0.05), and glucagon concentrations (P < 0.01) were increased in the patients. Diabetic patients also had increased plasma fibrinogen concentration (+∼50%; P < 0.01) and pool (+∼40%; P < 0.01) as well as fractional (+∼35%; P = 0.08) and absolute (+∼100%; P < 0.01) synthetic rates. The plasma glucagon concentration was positively related (P < 0.005 or less) to the fibrinogen concentration as well as to fractional and absolute synthetic rates. Thus, fibrinogen production is markedly enhanced, and this alteration is likely to determine the observed hyperfibrinogenemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the increased fibrinogen production. These findings in normoalbuminuric patients without clinical complications support the hypothesis that increased fibrinogen production and plasma concentrations may precede and possibly contribute to the onset of clinical cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

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Increased plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin in type 2 diabetic patients with microvascular complications

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1490039 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 39-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

ST Knudsen ◽

CH Foss ◽

PL Poulsen ◽

NH Andersen ◽

CE Mogensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Albumin Excretion Rate ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a newly identified inhibitor of bone resorption. Recent studies indicate that OPG also acts as an important regulatory molecule in the vasculature. Plasma levels of OPG seem to be elevated in subjects with diabetes as well as in non-diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasma OPG levels and microvascular complications and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS: Four groups of 20 subjects in each, individually matched for age and gender, were included in the study: (i) subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT); (ii) subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); (iii) type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy; and (iv) type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic maculopathy (DMa). Plasma concentration of OPG was measured in duplicate by a sandwich ELISA method. Furthermore, fundus photography, flourescein angiography, and measurements of urinary albumin excretion rate (RIA) were performed. RESULTS: Plasma OPG was significantly higher in diabetic (iii+iv) than in NGT (i) subjects (3.04+/-0.15 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.05). Plasma OPG was significantly higher in the DMa (iv) group than in the NGT (i) group (3.25+/-0.23 vs 2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P=0.01). Moreover, plasma OPG was significantly higher (3.61+/-0.36 ng/ml) in the group of diabetic subjects with both microalbuminuria and DMa (n=7) than in the NGT (i) (2.54+/-0.16 ng/ml, P<0.01), IGT (ii) (2.82+/-0.21 ng/ml, P<0.05), and no retinopathy (iii) groups (2.83+/-0.20 ng/ml, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found increased levels of OPG in plasma from diabetic patients with microvascular complications. This finding indicates that OPG may be involved in the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes [corrected].

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Survival of implementation TENS electric currents for glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients out of control, captured in the CERTF (rehabilitation school clinic & physical therapy)

Journal Health Education and Welfare ◽

10.35429/jehw.2020.7.4.7.12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Guadalupe López-Morales ◽

Stephany Valencia -Melo ◽

Nelly Lira-Fuentes ◽

Emmanuel Patricio-Rafael

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Morphological Transformation ◽

Initial Value ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Electrical Currents ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a health challenge, due to its high prevalence and the morbidity that it entails, but because of the costs that its treatment implies. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic-degenerative disease characterized by defects in the action and / or production of insulin, which generates a hyperglycemic effect.The objective in the application of TENS is to decrease the glycated hemoglobin value by one percentage point with respect to its initial value through the application of external electrical currents TENS in uncontrolled type II diabetic patients. Electrostimulation is considered an alternative for the treatment of uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, since it produces a temporary, metabolic, morphological transformation of fast fibers or slow muscle fibers. With this, glucose metabolism can be controlled by its plasma concentrations and by a large extent of glucose transport through the cell membrane, thus being a treatment option that does not generate side effects for the patient, and does not generate high costs in your application.

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