Understanding Relations Among Early Family Environment, Cortisol Response, and Child Aggression via a Prevention Experiment

Ethnicity has been examined as a putative moderator between parents’ use of corporal punishment and children’s externalizing behaviors. Yet, the reasons for this potential ethnic-level moderator have not been fully examined. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of corporal punishment on aggression is ethnic-specific using major racial groups inside and outside the U.S. samples and how the mean levels of cohesion in family relationships as found in different ethnic groups moderate the association between mothers’ use of corporal punishment and children’s aggression. A total of 729 mothers who had children aged 7 to 13 years were sampled from five ethnic groups (i.e., European American, African American, Hispanic American, Korean, and Chinese). Several hypotheses were tested to examine the moderating effect of ethnic-level, family cohesion on the relation of corporal punishment to children’s aggression. As expected, the mean level of family cohesion was significantly different across ethnicities. Consistent results across parallel multilevel and fixed effect models showed that high corporal punishment was associated with more aggression in all ethnicities, but there was a significant variation in the association across ethnicities, and the variation was explained by ethnic-level family cohesion. There were weaker associations between corporal punishment and child aggression among ethnic groups with high family cohesion and stronger associations among ethnic groups with low family cohesion. Ethnic/cultural variation in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding family environment of diverse ethnic groups when evaluating the influence of corporal punishment on child behavior in different ethnic/cultural contexts.

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Reported early family environment covaries with menarcheal age as a function of polymorphic variation in estrogen receptor-α

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579410000659 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 69-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Stephen B. Manuck ◽

Anna E. Craig ◽

Janine D. Flory ◽

Indrani Halder ◽

Robert E. Ferrell

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Family Environment ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Polymorphic Variation ◽

Pubertal Maturation ◽

Menarcheal Age ◽

Early Family

AbstractAge at menarche, a sentinel index of pubertal maturation, was examined in relation to early family relationships (conflict, cohesion) and polymorphic variation in the gene encoding estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) in a midlife sample of 455 European American women. Consistent with prior literature, women who reported being raised in families characterized by close interpersonal relationships and little conflict tended to reach menarche at a later age than participants reared in families lacking cohesion and prone to discord. Moreover, this association was moderated byESR1variation, such that quality of the family environment covaried positively with menarcheal age among participants homozygous for minor alleles of the twoESR1polymorphisms studied here (rs9304799, rs2234693), but not among women of otherESR1genotypes. In addition, (a) family relationship variables were unrelated toESR1variation, and (b) genotype-dependent effects of childhood environment on age at menarche could not be accounted for by personality traits elsewhere shown to explain heritable variation in reported family conflict and cohesion. These findings are consistent with theories of differential susceptibility to environmental influence, as well as the more specific hypothesis (by Belsky) that girls differ genetically in their sensitivity to rearing effects on pubertal maturation.

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Competence in the face of adversity: the influence of early family environment and long-term consequences

Children & Society ◽

10.1002/chi.713 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 260-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Ingrid Schoon ◽

Samantha Parsons

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

The Face ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Early Family

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Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Training Physicians in China: A Comparison to the United States

10.1101/2020.04.12.20049882 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lihong Chen ◽

Zhuo Zhao ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Family Environment ◽

East Asian ◽

The United States ◽

Training System ◽

First Year ◽

The Us ◽

Asian Descent ◽

Predictors Of Depression ◽

Early Family

AbstractResident physician training is associated with a substantial increase in depression in the United States, with rates increasing from about 4% before internship to 35% at least once during the first year of residency1.Here, we sought to assess whether the rate of depression among residents in China are similar to their US counterparts and identify the common and differential predictors of depression in the two training systems. We assessed 1006 residents across three cohorts (2016-2019) at 16 affiliated hospitals of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Peking Union Medical College. In parallel, we assessed three cohorts of 7028 residents at 100+ US institutions.At the Chinese institutions, similarly, the proportion of participants who met depression criteria increased from 9% prior to residency to 35% at least once during the first year of residency (P<0.0001), an increase similar in magnitude to residents during internship in US institutions. Among factors assessed before residency, prior history of depression and depressive symptom score at baseline were common factors associated with depression during residency in both China and the US. In contrast, neuroticism and early family environment were strongly associated with depression risk in the US but not in China. Young age was a predictor of depression in China but not in the US sample. Among residency training factors, long duty hours and reduced sleep duration emerged as predictors of depression in both China and the US.To gain insight into whether differences in personal predictors between the residents in China compared to the US residents were driven more by differences between cohorts, or by training system differences, we compared US residents of East Asian descent to other US and Chinese residents. We found that for most predictors (age, Neuroticism, early family environment), US residents of East Asian descent were more similar to other US residents than to the residents training in China.Overall, the magnitude of depression increase and work-related drivers of depression were similar between China and the US, suggesting a need for system reforms, and that the types of effective reforms may be similar across the two systems.

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Influences of the early family environment and long-term vocabulary development on the structure of white matter pathways: A longitudinal investigation

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 100767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mengmeng Su ◽

Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽

Jingjing Zhao ◽

Shuang Song ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Family Environment ◽

Vocabulary Development ◽

Longitudinal Investigation ◽

Early Family

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Prediction of differential abilities at age 18 from the early family environment

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e611302012-076 ◽

1967 ◽

Author(s):

Marjorie P. Honzik

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Early Family

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Interpersonal attachment, early family environment, and trauma in hoarding: A systematic review

Clinical Psychology Review ◽

10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102096 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102096

Author(s):

Kerryne Chia ◽

Dave S. Pasalich ◽

Daniel B. Fassnacht ◽

Kathina Ali ◽

Michael Kyrios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Family Environment ◽

Early Family

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Self-Ambivalence and Attachment to Possessions

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/088983907781494582 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 232-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Randy O. Frost ◽

Michael Kyrios ◽

Katherine D. McCarthy ◽

Yanique Matthews

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Compulsive Buying ◽

Compulsive Hoarding ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Significant Variance ◽

Family Warmth ◽

The Relationship ◽

Early Family

Doron and Kyrios (2005) have suggested that self-related constructs may be vulnerability factors for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and associated cognitions, possibly including compulsive buying, hoarding, and materialism. The present study examined the relationship between self-related constructs (self-ambivalence and attachment uncertainty), compulsive acquisition, hoarding, and materialism. As predicted, self-ambivalence and uncertainty were correlated with materialism, compulsive hoarding, and compulsive buying, while compulsive acquisition of free things was correlated with uncertainty. Furthermore, self-ambivalence accounted for significant variance in all three possession-related variables even after controlling for depression and indecisiveness. Uncertainty accounted for significant variance in the compulsive acquisition of free things. Materialism exhibited high to moderate correlations with compulsive buying but low to moderate correlations with compulsive hoarding and no association with free acquisition. Lack of family warmth failed to correlate with acquisition variables but did correlate with depression. Overall, the findings supported the contribution of self-ambivalence and attachment patterns but not early family environment to the understanding of compulsive acquisition, particularly hoarding and buying problems.

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