Corporal Punishment and Child Aggression: Ethnic-Level Family Cohesion as a Moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2687-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Lee ◽  
Malcolm W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
The Mean

Ethnicity has been examined as a putative moderator between parents’ use of corporal punishment and children’s externalizing behaviors. Yet, the reasons for this potential ethnic-level moderator have not been fully examined. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of corporal punishment on aggression is ethnic-specific using major racial groups inside and outside the U.S. samples and how the mean levels of cohesion in family relationships as found in different ethnic groups moderate the association between mothers’ use of corporal punishment and children’s aggression. A total of 729 mothers who had children aged 7 to 13 years were sampled from five ethnic groups (i.e., European American, African American, Hispanic American, Korean, and Chinese). Several hypotheses were tested to examine the moderating effect of ethnic-level, family cohesion on the relation of corporal punishment to children’s aggression. As expected, the mean level of family cohesion was significantly different across ethnicities. Consistent results across parallel multilevel and fixed effect models showed that high corporal punishment was associated with more aggression in all ethnicities, but there was a significant variation in the association across ethnicities, and the variation was explained by ethnic-level family cohesion. There were weaker associations between corporal punishment and child aggression among ethnic groups with high family cohesion and stronger associations among ethnic groups with low family cohesion. Ethnic/cultural variation in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding family environment of diverse ethnic groups when evaluating the influence of corporal punishment on child behavior in different ethnic/cultural contexts.

Family environment: differences between men and women greek roma

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 472-472
Author(s):  
M. Mentis ◽  
S. Kotrotsiou ◽  
T. Paralikas ◽  
A. Paschou ◽  
S. Mantzoukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Family System ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Family Control ◽  
The Family ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Of Greece

IntroductionRoma attribute a great value at the family life. For them the family is the basic axis around which their community structures and their personal relationships are developed.AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the family relationships, the personal growth and the family system maintenance in male and female Roma.Materials and methods145 individuals (105 male and 89 female), residents of the general area of Greece, participated in the present study. The measures used were: a) The Family Environment Scale (Form R-FES) and b) A questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.ResultsThe mean age of men was 35.31 ± 11.21 years old, while the mean age of women was 32.43 ± 11.70 years old. According to the findings, the men scored higher in certain factors which were studied. In particular, they reported significantly greater Achievement Orientation (P=.000), Moral-Religious Emphasis (P = .000), Family Control (P = .000), Family Organization (P=.016) and Family Incongruence Score (P=.011).ConclusionsMale Roma hold a special place in the Roma family, whereas the female's Roma place in the society of Roma in Greece is underestimated. Based on the measures used in the present study, the male Roma are characterised by greater ethics, religiousness, tendency to achieve their goals and generally to do things. Also, the male Roma seem to have a greater control over the family, in comparison to the female Roma.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tweed Facial Triangle Norms Among Different Ethnic Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdalla Hashim ◽  
Najah AL‑Sayed ◽  
Ayah AL-Qaisi ◽  
Feras Abed AL-Jawad ◽  
H. Al-Husain
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Aims: The objectives of the present study were to establish Tweed facial triangle norms in Qatari and to compare the result with Tweed norms and previous reported results in different racial groups. Material and method: The sample consisted of 89 lateral cephalometric radiographic radiographs, 75 patients were females and 14 were males with age range 18 to 25 years old (Mean 20.7. +/-2.3). Results: The result of the present study showed that the mean values of FMA 33.5 º +/- 6.2 º FMIA 52.8 º +/- 9.5 º angles and IMAP  94.5º +/- 8.8º were significantly higher than Tweed norms. The comparison with Black Brazilian and Bangladeshi indicated extremely statistically significant differences in FMA and IMPA angles whereas in Nepalese, extremely significant difference was observed in FMIA and FMA angles. Conclusions: Tweed’s Facial Triangle mean values were established for Qatari. However, Tweed facial triangle norms should be used only as a guide and not as an absolute value. Hence, using specific norms for specific race or ethnic group will help in providing more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Moderating effects of family environment on the association between children's aggressive beliefs and their aggression trajectories from childhood to adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas ◽  
Malcolm W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study explored how children's aggressive beliefs and their family environments combine to influence the development of child aggression from middle childhood into adolescence. We utilized a “variable-centered” empirical approach, specifically examining whether children's aggressive beliefs represent a risk factor for their aggressive behaviors and whether this risk can be moderated by children's family environment. These questions were tested with individual growth modeling, using the data from a community-representative sample of 440 mother–child dyads, interviewed four times over a 6-year study period. The accelerated longitudinal design of the study enabled examination of children's aggression trajectories from age 7 to age 19. The results supported the hypothesis that elevated aggressive beliefs in children represent a risk factor for aggression, as higher aggressive beliefs were associated with greater aggression at the youngest age, as well as with increased aggression over time. However, as hypothesized, family environment moderated this association, such that changes in children's aggression over time were contingent upon the interaction of their aggressive beliefs with family environment. Specifically, aggression was reduced in children with high aggressive beliefs if they experienced better than average family environment, which included less family conflict and more family cohesion.

Carotid Plaques Among Different Ethinic Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Med Phoenix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Bhakta Dev Shrestha ◽  
Sunny Bajracharya ◽  
Samrat Shrestha ◽  
Manen Prasad Gorkahly
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Sonographic evaluation of the carotid artery is commonly used for risk assessment in stroke. In Nepal, there are few studies regarding morphological changes in the carotid artery including the percentage of stenosis, types of plaque, sites of plaque. These changes quite vary in relation to age, sex, and ethnicity, and other risk factors. The primary objective of the study was to find the prevalence of carotid plaques in different ethnic groups with ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: The study was an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Neuromedicine department of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The study included a consecutive sampling of the patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted in the neuro/medicine ward or those visiting neuro/medicine OPD of Bir hospital. Results: Out of the 80 study patients,26.3% patients were Brahmans/Chhetri,11.3% were Madhesi,10 % were Dalits,25% were Newars and 27.5% were Janajati. In descending order, the presence of carotid plaque in Janajati (20%) was followed by Newars (18.8), Brahmans (17.5%), Madhesi group (8.8%), and Dalit (7.5%). The mean number of plaque was higher in Brahman/Chhetri group 3.33 with S.D 3.28 and lowest in Janajati group 2.20 with S.D 3.16. It was found that around 24% of the cases had unilateral carotid plaques and 49% had bilateral carotid plaques. Janajati group had a maximum proportion of bilateral plaques while Dalit had the least proportion (15% vs 2.5%). However, the difference among the ethnic groups was not significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of carotid plaques, the maximum number of plaques, and the number of bilateral plaques, all were highest in the Janajati group. However, the mean number of the carotid plaque was highest among the Dalit group. Further larger studies are required to study the association of the Nepalese ethnicity with carotid morphological changes.

ADOLESCENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF STRESSORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-213
Author(s):  
Henriëtte Van den Berg ◽  
Hester Tancred ◽  
Dap Louw
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The Impact

South African adolescents show increased levels of suicidal behaviour. This article explores the perceptions of adolescents at risk of suicide regarding the psychosocial stressors they believe contribute to suicidal behaviour among South African adolescents. This study was conducted on 214 adolescents from the Western Cape Province with a high suicide risk. The group was selected on the basis of their high scores on the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. A qualitative content analysis was performed with their responses on a question about the reasons for adolescent suicide. The analysis highlighted risk factors relating to substance abuse, negative emotional experiences, lack of self-esteem, problem-solving ability and hope for the future; negative family environment and conflict in family relationships; peer group and romantic relationships; stressful life events; and socioeconomic factors. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory suggestions were made for adolescent resource development to counter-act the impact of the various stressors they experience.

A Swedish notice from the middle of the 18th century on the Jews of New York

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Nils Martola
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Primary Objective

Per Kalm was born in 1716 in Sweden, the son of a family of Lutheran clergymen from the province of Ostrobothnia. He began his studies in natural sciences at Åbo Akademi in 1735, moved to Uppsala University in 1740, and soon became one of Carl Gustaf Linné’s foremost disciples. Pehr Kalm was considered as one of the purest exponents of 18th century Enlightenment and rationalism in Sweden/Finland. In October 1747 he commenced his journey to America, and returned to Stockholm in June 1751. His primary objective was to collect seeds of plants and trees considered to be economically useful for Sweden. During the journey Kalm kept a detailed diary in which he wrote observations on the weather, on plans and agricultural matters, on sundry customs among ethnic groups he met, reported discussions with different people, and made extracts from sources he deemed interesting.

Partners’ Attachment Insecurity and Stress Predict Poorer Relationship Functioning During COVID-19 Quarantines

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199297
Author(s):  
Nickola C. Overall ◽  
Valerie T. Chang ◽  
Paula R. Pietromonaco ◽  
Rachel S. T. Low ◽  
Annette M. E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Ongoing Relationship ◽  
Related Stress

The COVID-19 pandemic presents acute, ongoing relationship challenges. The current research tested how (1) preexisting vulnerabilities assessed prior to the pandemic (attachment insecurity) and (2) stress as couples endured a mandated quarantine predicted residual changes in relationship functioning. Controlling for prequarantine problems, relationship quality, and family environment, greater partners’ attachment anxiety predicted greater relationship problems, lower relationship quality, and a less stable and cohesive family environment when people were experiencing more stress. Greater partners’ attachment avoidance predicted lower problem-solving efficacy and family cohesion. The effects of partners’ preexisting vulnerabilities and pandemic-related stress demonstrate the utility of key models in relationship science in identifying who is at most risk of relationship problems in the unprecedented context of a mandated quarantine. The results emphasize that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on relationship functioning will be shaped by the characteristics of partners with whom people are confined with during the pandemic.

Immunoadsorption for Recurrent Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis on Kidney Allografts: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Naciri Bennani ◽  
Juste Yérémandé Bonzi ◽  
Johan Noble ◽  
Florian Terrec ◽  
Lionel Motte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Allograft Survival ◽  
Frequent Adverse Event ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation ◽  
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allograft Loss

Introduction: Primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) frequently reoccurs on kidney transplants and may lead to premature allograft loss. There are no guidelines for treating FSGS recurrence on allografts; treatment is based on apheresis (plasma exchange plasmapheresis [PP], semi-specific immunoadsorption [IA] with reusable columns) plus rituximab. Objective: We aimed to assess the efficacy of IA to treat recurrent FSGS. Methods: We report on 7 patients with recurrent FSGS on kidney allograft (proteinuria ≥3 g/g of urinary creatinine or ≥3 g/day); they all received IA. Our primary objective was to reduce proteinuria by >50%. Patients’ mean age was 45 ± 10 years. Postoperative immunosuppression relied on steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, with an induction therapy of basiliximab or antithymocyte globulins. Prophylaxis to prevent FSGS recurrence was either rituximab alone (n = 3), rituximab plus either PP or IA (n = 3), or no treatment (n = 1). Mean follow-up was 20 ± 13 months. There was a median of 72 (14–101) IA sessions per patient, that is, a mean of 14 ± 1 sessions per IA column. Results: At 12 months after starting IA, all patients had partial (n = 6) or complete (n = 1) remission, and allograft survival was 100%. The mean reduction in proteinuria within an IA session was 45 ± 15%. At last follow-up, 2 patients are in remission without IA, 3 patients are in partial remission that is IA dependent, and 2 patients lost their allograft due to FSGS recurrence. The most frequent adverse event was cytomegalovirus reactivation (n = 13), which subsided after valganciclovir therapy. Conclusions: We show that recurrence of FSGS can be controlled long term with IA plus rituximab. However, some patients remained dependent on IA.

Relationship between mean follow-up intraocular pressure, rates of visual field progression and current target intraocular pressure guidelines

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317406
Author(s):  
Bruna Melchior ◽  
Carlos Gustavo De Moraes ◽  
Jayter S Paula ◽  
George A Cioffi ◽  
Christopher A Girkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Mean

AimsTo investigate if eyes presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) within the limits of current guideline-driven target IOP indeed experience slow rates of glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression.MethodsA total of 8598 24-2 VF tests from 603 eyes from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with manifest glaucoma were included. The sample was split into three groups based on baseline VF mean deviation (MD): G1 (better than −5.0 dB), G2 (−5.0 to −10 dB) and G3 (worse than −10 dB). We investigated the relationship between existing target IOP guidelines and rates of MD progression in these groups.ResultsFor stable eyes, the medians and IQR of the mean follow-up IOP were G1=15.0 mmHg (IQR: 13.1 to 17.7), G2=13.2 mmHg (IQR: 11.6 to 14.3) and G3=11.9 mmHg (IQR: 10.1 to 13.8) (p<0.01). When considering the mean follow-up IOP within the limits proposed by current guidelines, the median MD slopes were: −0.20 dB/y (IQR: −0.43 to −0.02) for G1<21 mmHg, −0.19 dB/y (IQR: −0.51 to −0.01) for G2<18 mmHg and −0.15 dB/y (IQR: −0.47 to 0.05) for G3<15 mmHg (p=0.63). There were no significant differences between racial groups.ConclusionIn a sample of patients with manifest glaucoma, despite substantial variability between eyes, adherence to treatment guidelines helped slow the rates of global VF progression at various stages of disease.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00221923.

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