Establishing lichenometric ages for nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century glacier fluctuations on south georgia (south atlantic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Roberts ◽  
Dominic A. Hodgson ◽  
Samantha Shelley ◽  
Jessica Royles ◽  
Huw J. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations

scholarly journals A New Daily Observational Record from Grytviken, South Georgia: Exploring Twentieth-Century Extremes in the South Atlantic

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Thomas ◽  
Chris Turney ◽  
Rob Allan ◽  
Steve Colwell ◽  
Gail Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Observational Record

The sparse nature of observational records across the mid- to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere limits the ability to place late-twentieth-century environmental changes in the context of long-term (multidecadal and centennial) variability. Historical records from subantarctic islands offer considerable potential for developing highly resolved records of change. In 1905, a whaling and meteorological station was established at Grytviken on subantarctic South Georgia in the South Atlantic (54°S, 36°W), providing near-continuous daily observations through to present day. This paper reports a new, daily observational record of temperature and precipitation from Grytviken, which is compared to regional datasets and historical reanalysis. The authors find a shift toward increasingly warmer daytime extremes commencing from the mid-twentieth century and accompanied by warmer nighttime temperatures, with an average rate of temperature rise of 0.13°C decade−1 over the period 1907–2016 ( p < 0.0001). Analysis of these data and reanalysis products suggest a change of pervasive synoptic conditions across the mid- to high latitudes since the mid-twentieth century, characterized by stronger westerly airflow and associated warm föhn winds across South Georgia. This rapid rate of warming and associated declining habitat suitability has important negative implications for biodiversity, including the survival of key marine biota in the region.

scholarly journals An Empire of Memory: Overseas British War Cemeteries, 1917–1983

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-286
Author(s):  
Sam Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
British Government ◽  
The South ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

This article examines how a post-1918 Edwardian commemorative aesthetic focused on the “English Garden” was deployed in the later twentieth century as a means to establish an “informal” Empire of memory. The result is an architectural irony and a landscape at odds with the moment that made it: the post-1945 cemeteries of the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC) expanded the now defunct Empire’s commemorative possessions just as the actual deeds to land were surrendered. The one exception to this story of contemporaneous political withdrawal and commemorative appropriation nonetheless proves the broader point. For after the bloody imperial war fought in the South Atlantic in 1982 the Commission, at the behest of the British government, built its first and last post-1945 overseas war cemetery. And just as had been the case sixty years earlier, the form and style of this cemetery ensured it became the last outpost of an Edwardian Empire of memory.

Bycatch of fish in the South Atlantic krill fishery

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inigo Everson ◽  
Alexei Neyelov ◽  
Yuri E Permitin
Keyword(s):  
South Atlantic ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia

Icefish (Champsocephalus) were taken as bycatch during krill fishing operations from a research vessel. The data indicate that the bycatch of fish in the commercial krill fishery may be significant in some areas of the South Georgia shelf. The problem is thought to be least in open ocean krill fishing.

Millennial-scale climate changes on South Georgia, Southern Ocean

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild C. Rosqvist ◽  
Pernilla Schuber
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
Suitable Site ◽  
Millennial Scale

AbstractThe location of South Georgia (54°S, 36°W) makes it a suitable site for the study of the climatic connections between temperate and polar environments in the Southern Hemisphere. Because the mass balance of the small cirque glaciers on South Georgia primarily responds to changes in summer temperature they can provide records of changes in the South Atlantic Ocean and atmospheric circulation. We use grey scale density, weight-loss-on-ignition, and grain size analyses to show that the proportion of glacially eroded sediments to organic sediments in Block Lake was highly variable during the last 7400 cal yr B.P. We expect that the glacial signal is clearly detectable above noise originating from nonglacial processes and assume that an increase in glacigenic sediment deposition in Block Lake has followed Holocene glacier advances. We interpret proglacial lake sediment sequences in terms of summer climate warming and cooling events. Prominent millennial-scale features include cooling events between 7200 and 7000, 5200 and 4400, and 2400 and 1600 cal yr B.P. and after 1000 cal yr B.P. Comparison with other terrestrial and marine records reveals that the South Georgian record captures all the important changes in Southern Hemisphere Holocene climate. Our results reveal a tentative coupling between climate changes in the South Atlantic and North Atlantic because the documented temperature changes on South Georgia are anti-phased to those in the North Atlantic.

scholarly journals Anomalous mid-twentieth century atmospheric circulation change over the South Atlantic compared to the last 6000 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 064009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris S M Turney ◽  
Richard T Jones ◽  
David Lister ◽  
Phil Jones ◽  
Alan N Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
Circulation Change ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Change
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