Behavioural State Cycles of Normal Newborn Infants: A Comparison of the Effect of Early and Late Cord Clamping

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Theorell ◽  
H. F. R. Prechtl ◽  
A. W. Blair ◽  
J. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Behavioural State ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
State Cycles

scholarly journals Newborns at risk of Covid-19 ― lessons from the last year

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika D. Shah ◽  
Ola Didrik Saugstad
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
World Health ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract After more than 1 year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a great deal of knowledge on how this virus affects pregnant women, the fetus and the newborn has accumulated. The gap between different guidelines how to handle newborn infants during this pandemic has been minimized, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)’s recommendations are now more in accordance with those of the World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize present knowledge regarding transmission from mother to the fetus/newborn. Although both vertical and horizontal transmission are rare, SARS-CoV-2 positivity is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery and higher neonatal mortality and morbidity. Mode of delivery and cord clamping routines should not be affected by the mother’s SARS-CoV-2 status. Skin to skin contact, rooming in and breastfeeding are recommended with necessary hygiene precautions. Antibodies of infected or vaccinated women seem to cross both the placenta and into breast milk and likely provide protection for the newborn.

The Circulatory and Respiratory Adaptation to Early and Late Cord Clamping in Newborn Infants

1966 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM OH ◽  
JOHN LIND ◽  
IRA H. GESSNER
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cord Clamping

scholarly journals 429 Early- Versus Late-Cord Clamping: Hemodynamic Effects in Healthy Term Newborn Infants.

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-428
Author(s):  
P Zaramella ◽  
F Freato ◽  
V Quaresima ◽  
M Ferrari ◽  
S Secchieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Cord Clamping

Electron Microscopy of Cutaneous Capillaries of Newborn Infants: Effects of Placental Transfusion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-683
Author(s):  
Giuseppe G. Pietra ◽  
Mabel D. D'Amodio ◽  
Monika M. Leventhal ◽  
William Oh ◽  
J. Leonard Braudo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Early Cord Clamping ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Extravascular Compartment

Two hundred and ten capillaries taken by punch biopsy at 2 to 5 hours of age from term, normal, newborn infants were examined by electron microscopy. Six infants had early cord clamping and five had late cord ligation. In the late-clamped group, the capillaries were more distended morphologically as shown by a smaller endothelial index (endothelial area/total capillary area). In comparison to the early-clamped group, the late-clamped infants also had a larger number of fenestrated small blood vessels. Since fenestration is an anatomical structure related to rapid fluid exchange, it is suggested that this finding is an indication of a more active fluid transudation from the intravascular to the extravascular compartment in the late-clamped infants in response to a greater circulatory volume deriving from placental blood transfusion at birth. It is also suggested that the large number of fenestrated vessels in the late-clamped infants is a result of an increased number of openings of arteriovenous communications.

Red cell transfusion thresholds for preterm infants: finally some answers

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-320495
Author(s):  
Edward F Bell
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Umbilical Cord Clamping ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Red Cell Transfusion ◽  
Extremely Low Birthweight

Extremely low birthweight infants become anaemic during their care in the neonatal intensive care unit because of the physiological anaemia experienced by all newborn infants compounded by early umbilical cord clamping, blood loss by phlebotomy for laboratory monitoring and delayed erythropoiesis. The majority of these infants receive transfusions of packed red blood cells, usually based on haemoglobin values below a certain threshold. The haemoglobin or haematocrit thresholds used to guide transfusion practices vary with infant status and among institutions and practitioners. Previous smaller studies have not given clear guidance with respect to the haemoglobin thresholds that should trigger transfusions or even if this is the best way to decide when to transfuse an infant. Two large clinical trials of similar design comparing higher and lower haemoglobin thresholds for transfusing extremely low birthweight infants were recently published, the ETTNO and TOP trials. These trials found reassuringly conclusive and concordant results. Within the range of haemoglobin transfusion thresholds studied, there was no difference in the primary outcome (which was the same in both studies), neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years’ corrected age or death before assessment, in either study. In addition, there was no difference in either study in either of the components of the primary outcome. In conclusion, haemoglobin transfusion thresholds within the ranges used in these trials, 11–13 g/dL for young critically ill or ventilated infants and 7–10 g/dL for stable infants not requiring significant respiratory support, can be safely used without expecting adverse consequences on survival or neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Delayed cord clamping for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in term infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Olga Rasiyanti Siregar ◽  
Bugis Lubis ◽  
Muara Lubis ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Guslihan Dasa Tjipta
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Early Cord Clamping ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Background Iron deficiency childhood is a concern due to its potentially detrimental effectson development, some of which may be irreversible even after irontreatment. Delayed cord clamping may prevent IDA by increasingan infant's iron reserve at birth.Objective We aimed to evaluate the effect of delayed umbilicalcord clamping at birth on the iron status in newborns at age 24hours of life.Methods This randomized, single􀁒blind study was conducted fromMarch to May 2009, at two general hospitals in Medan, NorthSumatera Province. Eligible newborn infants were randomlyassigned to one of two groups: early cord clamping (Eee)performed 15 seconds after delivery or delayed cord clamping(DeC) performed 2 minutes after delivery. Infants were placed ontheir mothers' abdomens before the umbilical cords were clamped.Hematologic status was determined from umbilical cord blood.Results Sixty􀁒three subjects were included in our study, consistingof31 infants in the Eee group and 32 infants in the Dec group.We found that mean neonatal hemoglobin level was higher inthe Dec group than in the Eee group ( 18.4 g% and 16.2 g%,respectively, P=O.OOOl). Also, mean ferritin level was higher inthe Dec group than in the Eee group (556 mg/dL and 329 mg/dL, respectively, p=o.o 15). Other hematological status indicators,including mean hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MeV)level, were also higher in the Dec group. However, mean redblood cell levels were not significantly groups. Nor was there a significant level between the Dec and Eee groups.Concl usion Dela y ed cord c l a m p i n g m a y improve ironstatus and prevent IDA in term infants. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:223-8].

Postpartum use of oxytocin and volume of placental transfusion: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Nestor E Vain ◽  
Daniela S Satragno ◽  
Juan Esteban Gordillo ◽  
Ariel L Fernandez ◽  
Guillermo Carrolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Group 1

ObjectiveTo assess whether oxytocin administered before clamping the umbilical cord modifies the volume of placental transfusion.DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsMothers of term infants born vigorous by vaginal delivery with informed consent provided in early labour were randomly assigned to oxytocin (10 IU) given intravenously within 15 s of birth (group 1) or after clamping the umbilical cord 3 min after delivery (group 2). Soon after birth, all infants were weighed using a 1 g precision scale and subsequently placed on the mother’s abdomen or chest. At 3 min, in both groups, the cord was clamped and cut, and the weight was again obtained. The primary outcome (volume of placental transfusion) was estimated by the difference in weights.Results144 patients were included. There were no differences in the primary outcome: infants in group 1 (n=70) gained a mean weight of 85.9 g (SD 48.3), and in group 2 (n=74) 86.7 g (SD 49.6) (p=0.92). No differences were found in secondary outcomes, including newborns’ haematocrit and bilirubin concentrations and severe maternal postpartum haemorrhage. On the advice of the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee, the trial was stopped due to futility at 25% of the planned sample size.ConclusionsWhen umbilical cord clamping is delayed for 3 min, term newborn infants born vigorous receive a clinically significant placental transfusion which is not modified by the administration of intravenous oxytocin immediately after birth.Trial registration numberNCT02618499.

THE EFFECTS OF PLACENTAL TRANSFUSION ON RESPIRATORY MECHANICS OF NORMAL TERM NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Oh ◽  
Göran Wallgren ◽  
John S. Hanson ◽  
John Lind
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Heart Volume ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Venous Filling ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung compliance and crying vital capacity of 52 normal, term, newborn infants were measured by a reverse plethysmograph during the first 5 days of life. Twenty-seven infants had late cord clamping (3 to 5 minutes after birth) and 25 had early cord clamping (within 5 seconds after birth). In 23 of these infants (12 late clamped and 11 early clamped) an additional determination of functional residual capacity was made during the first 6 hours of life. During the first 6 hours of life, the earlyclamped infants had a slower respiratory rate and higher compliance associated with a larger functional residual capacity. It is suggested that these findings are related to smaller heart volume and less pulmonary capillary venous filling in the earlyclamped infants as compared to the lateclamped infants.

Behavioural State Cycles in Abnormal Infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. R. Prechtl ◽  
K. Theorell ◽  
A. W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural State ◽  
State Cycles
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document