THE EFFECT OF PARITY ON PLASMA SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE AND OSMOLALITY LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY

Balance data for sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrogen, and water were obtained postoperatively in 15 newborn infants operated upon in the first 4 days of life and in 5 control newborn infants. The infants showed a response in terms of electrolyte and water balances which is significantly different from that reported in adults: The volumes of urine were equal to or greater than those in normal infants of a comparable age. The data suggest a diminished capacity of the newborn to conserve water postoperatively, but a normal capacity to dilute the urine. No evidence of retention of water was observed. The urinary excretion of sodium and chloride was equal to or larger than that of normal infants. The infants who had losses postoperatively from gastrointestinal suction showed no capacity to reduce renal excretion of these ions while they suffered these large extrarenal losses. The concentrations of sodium and chloride in the serum remained normal or became slightly elevated postoperatively. Losses of potassium and nitrogen in the urine were of the same relative magnitude as those in adults. The observed responses are discussed in terms of the function of antidiuretic and adrenocortical hormones in the newborn infant. The application of these data to practical considerations of fluid and electrolyte therapy in the postoperative management of the newborn infant are discussed briefly.

Download Full-text

Changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status in endurance horses following transport and an overnight stay prior to competition

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.20.11.0193 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

C. Langdon Fielding ◽

K. Gary Magdesian

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Plasma Sodium ◽

Bicarbonate Concentration ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Subsequent Elimination

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status that take place in endurance horses prior to the start of a competition and determine whether these changes would be associated with elimination. ANIMALS 19 horses entered in the 2016 Tevis Cup 100-Miles (160 km) One-Day Western States Trail Ride. PROCEDURES Heparinized blood samples were collected at 5 time points: prior to transport to the ride (T0), during check-in the day before the ride (T1), 1 to 2 hours before the start of the ride (T2), at the 15-km mark (T3), and at the 55-km mark (T4). Packed cell volume and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, bicarbonate, and total protein concentrations were determined and compared across time points and between finishers and nonfinishers. RESULTS Signif icant differences were detected among plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations measured prior to the start of the ride (ie, T0, T1, and T2). For all variables except chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, significant differences were detected between values obtained prior to the start of the ride and values obtained during the ride (ie, T3 and T4). Only bicarbonate concentration at the 15-km mark of the ride was significantly associated with finishing status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations can occur in endurance horses during transport to a competition and when horses are stabled overnight before an event. Additionally, a lower bicarbonate concentration following a steep climb early during the ride was associated with subsequent elimination.

Download Full-text

The Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter, Human Cytomegalovirus and the Cell Cycle

Physiology and Pathology of Chloride Transporters and Channels in the Nervous System ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-374373-2.00027-3 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 531-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John M. Russell

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Sodium Potassium Chloride Cotransporter

Download Full-text

Macrominerals: sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur

Foundations of Naturopathic Nutrition ◽

10.4324/9781003115687-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 314-345

Author(s):

Fay Paxton

Keyword(s):

Potassium Chloride ◽

Sodium Potassium

Download Full-text

Hypothermia: alterations in cardiac and skeletal muscle electrolytes

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.706 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 196 (4) ◽

pp. 706-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

W. Robert Beavers ◽

J. T. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Normal Values ◽

Intracellular Water ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Hypertonic Glucose ◽

Plasma Electrolytes ◽

Made In

Analyses of sodium, potassium, chloride and water of cardiac and skeletal muscle were made in normal dogs, in animals cooled to rectal temperatures of 20°C, and in cooled animals receiving 25% glucose intravenously. Using these data and determinations of plasma electrolytes, muscle intracellular water was calculated. An increase in cardiac muscle potassium and in calculated intracellular water of both cardiac and skeletal muscle was noted in the cooled animals. Administering hypertonic glucose during cooling increased cardiac muscle potassium to even higher levels and calculated intracellular water of cardiac and skeletal muscle was similar to normal values.

Download Full-text