Infant mortality and subsequent risk of stillbirth: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background: Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are interrelated and are the result of social issues. Thus, this study investigated the influence of the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of the residence macro-region compared to maternal education on infant mortality in a capital city in the extreme south of Brazil. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort study with data on births and deaths for the period of 2000-2017. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was done by bivariate analysis through simple Poisson regression. Those with significant association (p<0.001) were used in a multiple Poisson regression for robust variances - adjusted model. Results: The study included 311361 children, of whom 2271 died. Maternal education, individually and jointly analyzed with the MHDI, showed association with the outcome of infant death in the first year of life, particularly for children of mothers with lower maternal education (p<0.001). In relation to other related factors, maternal age; number of Prenatal Care Consultations; gestational age, weight, gender and Apgar Index (5th minute) of the newborn showed association with IM (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lower the HDI classification of the macro-region, the worse were the socioeconomic and demographic conditions, but the results presumably indicated that an individual maternal characteristic supplants the environment in which the family resides as a factor of protection to infant mortality, reinforcing the relevance of maternal education as a social determinant in health.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717297801.793352818 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Rosalia Misseri

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Brain Tumours ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Subsequent Risk

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Parental Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine scars decrease infant mortality in the first six weeks of life: A retrospective cohort study

EClinicalMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 101049

Author(s):

MLT Berendsen ◽

F. Schaltz-Buchholzer ◽

P. Bles ◽

S. Biering-Sørensen ◽

KJ. Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

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The influence of the Municipal Human Development Index and maternal education on infant mortality: a parallel investigation in a retrospective cohort study in the extreme south of Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29481/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Ribeiro Anele ◽

Vânia Naomi Hirakata ◽

Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽

Clécio Homrich da Silva

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Infant Death ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Maternal Education ◽

First Year ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are interrelated and are the result of social issues. Therefore, this study performed a parallel investigation of the influence of the MHDI on the macro-region of residence and maternal education on infant mortality in a capital in the extreme south of Brazil. Methods It is a retrospective cohort study with data on births and deaths in the first year of live for the period of 2000-2017. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was done by bivariate analysis through simple Poisson regression. The variables that can potentially be considered confusing were used in a multiple Poisson regression for robust variances - adjusted model. Results The study included 311361 children, of whom 2271 died. Maternal education, individually and jointly analyzed with the MHDI, showed association with the outcome of infant death in the first year of life, particularly for children of mothers with lower maternal education (p<0.001). In relation to other related factors, maternal age; number of Prenatal Care Consultations; gestational age, weight, gender and Apgar Index (5th minute) of the newborn showed association with IM (p<0.001). Conclusions Although the HDI is considered a good predictor of infant mortality by some authors, the analyses of the present study did not present an association between the MHDI and death in the first year of life after adjustments for the other variables. Unlike the MHDI, maternal education under eight years of study maintained an association with infant death, proving to be a social determinant with relevant impact on infant mortality. Thus, it is concluded that maternal education, individually, is higher than the MHDI to assess the outcome of infant mortality and is easily accessible information.

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Risk factors of infant mortality in rural The Gambia: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e001190

Author(s):

Alexander Jarde ◽

Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Pierre Gomez ◽

Pa Cheboh Saine ◽

Umberto D'Alessandro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Health Centre ◽

The Gambia ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Urban Centre ◽

Public Health Centre

ObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the risk factors for infant mortality among children living in the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Farafenni, The Gambia. Our secondary objective was to assess these risks separately in the neonatal and postneonatal (>28 days) period.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHDSS in an urban centre and surrounding area in The Gambia.Patients7365 infants (47% female) born between 2014 and 2018, of which 126 (1.71%) died in the first year.Main outcome measuresInfant mortality.ResultsRisk factors for mortality were death of any sibling (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.54 to 5.00), having a twin (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.80), being born in the harvest season (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.24), living in a rural village (HR 4.34, 95% CI 2.03 to 9.29) and longer distance to the nearest village with a public health centre (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.59). In addition, no breast feeding (HR 10.73, 95% CI 6.83 to 16.86) and no BCG vaccination in the first week of life (HR 3.47, 95% CI 1.07 to 11.24) were associated with infant mortality. Similar risk factors were found in the neonatal and postneonatal periods.ConclusionMost risk factors associated with infant mortality (neonatal and postneonatal) are not easily modifiable at the individual level and would require programmatic approaches to target vulnerable infants and facilitate access to health services.

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