Transient Zinc Deficiency in a Full-Term Breast-Fed Infant of Normal Birth Weight

Paracetamol (N-acetyl- para-aminophenol) also known as acetaminophen is a chemical compound used in medical practice for analgesic and antipyretic effects. The mechanism of action is related to the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, which is not full inhibit as for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory. Paracetamol selectively inhibits COX activities in the brain, indirectly by reducing COX, which must be oxidized in order to function. In addition to analgesic and antipyretic effects, modulating the prostaglandin synthesis by selective inhibition of COX, a vascular modulator effect was described recently on the closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This effect has been described in premature newborns, perhaps by decreasing the prostaglandin production. We present the case of a neonate, 39 weeks gestational age, normal birth weight who presented in the 10 th day of life with a cardiac murmur. Echocardiography evidenced a hemodynamically significant PDA, left ventricular enlargement, severe mitral regurgitation, patent foramen ovale and pulmonary hypertension. Although she was a 10-day- old full-term neonate paracetamol administration was attempted. Paracetamol was administered orally in the therapeutic dose of 15 mg/kg/dose, three times a day for three days. The effect was significant by reducing the diameter of the arterial duct (~50% of initial diameter), reducing the size of the left cardiac chambers, reducing the degree of mitral regurgitation from severe to mild, and disappearance of pulmonary hypertension. In conclusion, paracetamol use can change prognosis through the vaso-modulator on the PDA, at the age of 10 days, on a full-term neonate with a normal birth weight. This effect may also be present in full-term newborns and not only in preterm. Even if the PDA was not closed after three days, the hemodynamic impact disappeared and the child could avoid surgical ligation.

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Growth, lung function, and physical activity in schoolchildren who were very-low-birth-weight preterm infants

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562015000000159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 254-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aline Dill Winck ◽

João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho ◽

Deise Schumann ◽

Helen Zatti ◽

Rita Mattiello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Lung Function ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Normal Birth

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare somatic growth, lung function, and level of physical activity in schoolchildren who had been very-low-birth-weight preterm infants (VLBWPIs) or normal-birth-weight full-term infants. Methods: We recruited two groups of schoolchildren between 8 and 11 years of age residing in the study catchment area: those who had been VLBWPIs (birth weight < 1,500 g); and those who had been normal-birth-weight full-term infants (controls, birth weight ≥ 2,500 g). Anthropometric and spirometric data were collected from the schoolchildren, who also completed a questionnaire regarding their physical activity. In addition, data regarding the perinatal and neonatal period were collected from the medical records of the VLBWPIs. Results: Of the 93 schoolchildren screened, 48 and 45 were in the VLBWPI and control groups, respectively. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding anthropometric characteristics, nutritional status, or pulmonary function. No associations were found between perinatal/neonatal variables and lung function parameters in the VLBWPI group. Although the difference was not significant, the level of physical activity was slightly higher in the VLBWPI group than in the control group. Conclusions: Among the schoolchildren evaluated here, neither growth nor lung function appear to have been affected by prematurity birth weight, or level of physical activity.

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Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12963.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James H. Cross ◽

Ousman Jarjou ◽

Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Andrew M. Prentice ◽

Carla Cerami

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Observational Study ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Nutritional Immunity

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide. Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017

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Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age. III. The Asemobo Bay Cohort Project.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.932 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 932-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

P D McElroy ◽

F O Kuile ◽

B L Nahlen ◽

P B Bloland ◽

W A Hawley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth

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Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: A comparison with full-term normal birth weight infant

10.21203/rs.2.21228/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Full Term ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Abstract Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of full-term LBW infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. This exploratory study aimed to analyze the DNA methylation differences in FT-LBWs compared with those in full-term normal birth weight infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were nonsmokers and had no complications. Initially, 702 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Of these, four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected as references for DNA methylation analysis, and 862,260 CpGs were assessed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID v6.8 software to identify the biological functions of hyper- and hypomethylated DNA in FT-LBWs. Results: 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; “macrophage differentiation” (e.g., CASP8), “apoptotic mitochondrial changes” (e.g., BH3), “nucleotide-excision repair” (e.g., HUS1), and “negative regulation of inflammatory response” (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN). EREG was classified into “ovarian cumulus expansion” within the “organism growth and organization” category. Our data imply that LBW might be associated with epigenetic modifications, which regulate the immune system and cell maturation.

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Comparison of primary dentition caries experience in pre-term low birth-weight and full-term normal birth-weight children aged one to six years

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry ◽

10.4103/0970-4388.84685 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SowmyaAnaberu Rajshekar ◽

Nagesh Laxminarayan

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Full Term ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth

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Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12963.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1469

Author(s):

James H. Cross ◽

Ousman Jarjou ◽

Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Andrew M. Prentice ◽

Carla Cerami

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Observational Study ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Nutritional Immunity

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide. Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017

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Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: A comparison with full-term normal birth weight infant

10.21203/rs.2.21228/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Abstract Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it results in a higher risk of non-communicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of LBW full-term infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to compare differences in DNA methylation between FT-LBWs and normal birth weight full-term infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were non-smokers and non-complication. Results: A total of 702 Japanese singleton pregnancies were recruited. The prevalence of preterm LBW and FT-LBW was 3.4% and 6.1%, respectively. Four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis including 862,260 methylation CpGs was performed. 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; intriguingly, “macrophage differentiation” (e.g., CASP8 ), “apoptotic mitochondrial changes” (e.g., BH3 ) , “nucleotide-excision repair” (e.g., HUS1 ) , and “negative regulation of inflammatory response” (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN ) were included within the “immune system” and “DNA metabolism and repair” categories. EREG was classified into “ovarian cumulus expansion” within the “organism growth and organization” category. Our data implies that LBW itself could be associated with epigenetic modulation regarding immune system and cell mature.

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