Comparison of primary dentition caries experience in pre-term low birth-weight and full-term normal birth-weight children aged one to six years

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare somatic growth, lung function, and level of physical activity in schoolchildren who had been very-low-birth-weight preterm infants (VLBWPIs) or normal-birth-weight full-term infants. Methods: We recruited two groups of schoolchildren between 8 and 11 years of age residing in the study catchment area: those who had been VLBWPIs (birth weight < 1,500 g); and those who had been normal-birth-weight full-term infants (controls, birth weight ≥ 2,500 g). Anthropometric and spirometric data were collected from the schoolchildren, who also completed a questionnaire regarding their physical activity. In addition, data regarding the perinatal and neonatal period were collected from the medical records of the VLBWPIs. Results: Of the 93 schoolchildren screened, 48 and 45 were in the VLBWPI and control groups, respectively. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding anthropometric characteristics, nutritional status, or pulmonary function. No associations were found between perinatal/neonatal variables and lung function parameters in the VLBWPI group. Although the difference was not significant, the level of physical activity was slightly higher in the VLBWPI group than in the control group. Conclusions: Among the schoolchildren evaluated here, neither growth nor lung function appear to have been affected by prematurity birth weight, or level of physical activity.

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Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12963.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James H. Cross ◽

Ousman Jarjou ◽

Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Andrew M. Prentice ◽

Carla Cerami

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Observational Study ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Nutritional Immunity

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide. Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017

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Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: A comparison with full-term normal birth weight infant

10.21203/rs.2.21228/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Full Term ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Abstract Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of full-term LBW infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. This exploratory study aimed to analyze the DNA methylation differences in FT-LBWs compared with those in full-term normal birth weight infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were nonsmokers and had no complications. Initially, 702 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Of these, four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected as references for DNA methylation analysis, and 862,260 CpGs were assessed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID v6.8 software to identify the biological functions of hyper- and hypomethylated DNA in FT-LBWs. Results: 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; “macrophage differentiation” (e.g., CASP8), “apoptotic mitochondrial changes” (e.g., BH3), “nucleotide-excision repair” (e.g., HUS1), and “negative regulation of inflammatory response” (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN). EREG was classified into “ovarian cumulus expansion” within the “organism growth and organization” category. Our data imply that LBW might be associated with epigenetic modifications, which regulate the immune system and cell maturation.

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Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12963.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1469

Author(s):

James H. Cross ◽

Ousman Jarjou ◽

Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Andrew M. Prentice ◽

Carla Cerami

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Observational Study ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Nutritional Immunity

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide. Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017

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Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: A comparison with full-term normal birth weight infant

10.21203/rs.2.21228/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Abstract Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it results in a higher risk of non-communicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of LBW full-term infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to compare differences in DNA methylation between FT-LBWs and normal birth weight full-term infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were non-smokers and non-complication. Results: A total of 702 Japanese singleton pregnancies were recruited. The prevalence of preterm LBW and FT-LBW was 3.4% and 6.1%, respectively. Four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis including 862,260 methylation CpGs was performed. 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; intriguingly, “macrophage differentiation” (e.g., CASP8 ), “apoptotic mitochondrial changes” (e.g., BH3 ) , “nucleotide-excision repair” (e.g., HUS1 ) , and “negative regulation of inflammatory response” (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN ) were included within the “immune system” and “DNA metabolism and repair” categories. EREG was classified into “ovarian cumulus expansion” within the “organism growth and organization” category. Our data implies that LBW itself could be associated with epigenetic modulation regarding immune system and cell mature.

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Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217921991402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792199140

Author(s):

Rimjhim Sonowal ◽

Anamika Jain ◽

V. Bhargava ◽

H.D. Khanna ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

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Lung Function Abnormalities In Extremely Preterm, Extremely Low Birth Weight Survivors At 18 Years Compared To Term, Normal Birth Weight Controls

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1814 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Anne-Marie F. Gibson ◽

Jeanie Cheong ◽

Gehan Roberts ◽

Gillian Opie ◽

Elizabeth Carse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Lung Function ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Extremely Preterm

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MORTALITY FROM CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN OREGON

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.40.3.334 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 334-344

Author(s):

Victor D. Menashe ◽

Harold T. Osterud ◽

Herbert E. Griswold

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Life Span ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Parental Age ◽

Cardiac Malformation ◽

Death Rates ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Weight One

Over one half of the deaths from all congenital malformations were due to congenital cardiovascular disease. There were 496 individuals who died of congenital cardiovascular disease in Oregon during 1957 thru 1961, and three fourths of the deaths occurred in infants under 1 year of age. More males were affected by congenital cardiovascular disease than females, but, when congenital cardiovascular disease was present, the length of survival, as measured by life span, did not differ by sex. One out of every four infants dying of congenital cardiovascular disease was of low birth weight; of these, 60% were over 37 weeks' gestation. However, there was no difference in the life span of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease. This would imply that the significant factor of death in these infants was the cardiac malformation rather than the low birth weight. One out of every three infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had malformations of other systems. Fewer deaths than expected were identified among first born. Fetal deaths were noted more frequently in the population of mothers of children with congenital heart disease than in the overall population. The parental age in this group was significantly higher than in the general population and death rates of infants with congenital cardiovascular disease increased with advancing parental age. Thirty-two percent of the infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had single lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment is to be stressed if mortality is to be reduced.

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Social competence of 3 to 5-year-old children born with low birth weight

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.3.2015.158-63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Nurul Komariah

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Social Competence ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background Low birth weight (LBW) has long been used as an indicator of public health. Low birth weight is not a proxy for any dimension of other maternal or perinatal health outcomes. Low birth weight infants require special care, and have more chronic conditions, learning delays, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders compared to infants of normal birth weight (NBW). Social competence is viewed as a primary component of healthy function and development and is an important predictor of academic and financial success.Objective To examine social competence of children aged 3-5 years born with low birth weight.Methods This cross-sectional study was undertaken in Palembang in 2012. Subjects consisted of children aged 3-5 years attended a preschool in the Seberang Ulu I District, Palembang, and were divided into two groups: low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW). Social competence was assessed by observation and Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) and Parenting Style questionnaire (PSQ). Chi-square analysis was used to compare social competence between the two groups. Multivariate regression logistic analysis was used to assess for the dominant factors that may affect a child’s social competence.Results Low birth weight children aged 3 to 5 years had a 1.435 times higher risk of low social competence compared to normal birth weight children of similar age. (RP 1.435; 95%CI 1.372 to 13.507; P=0.019). Multivariate regression logistic analysis revealed that parenting style was a dominant factor affecting social competence.Conclusion Social competence in 3 to 5-year-old children born with low birth weight is lower compared to those with normal birth weight.

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