GENETIC POPULATION STRUCTURE OFPSEUDO-NITZSCHIA PUNGENS(BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND THE NORTH SEA

The harbour porpoise is seriously depleted and threatened with extinction in the Baltic Sea. It is usually assumed that Baltic porpoises form a separate population unit, although the evidence for this has been disputed lately. Here, a 3-D geometric morphometric approach was employed to test a number of hypotheses regarding population structure of the harbour porpoise in the Baltic region. 277 porpoise skulls from Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany and Poland were measured with a suite of 3-D landmarks. Statistical analyses revealed highly significant shape differences between porpoises from the North Sea, Belt Sea and the inner Baltic Sea. A comparison of the directionalities of the shape vectors between these units found differences that cannot be attributed to a general, continual shape trend going from the North Sea to the inner Baltic Sea. These vectors indicate a morphological adaptation to the specific sub-areas. Such adaptation may be the result of the topographic peculiarities of the area with variable topography and shallow waters, e.g. in the Belt Sea porpoises, there may be a greater reliance on benthic and demersal prey. The present results show that isolation by distance alone is an unlikely explanation for the differences found within the Baltic region and thus support previously reported molecular indications of a separate population within the inner Baltic Sea.

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Hydrographic Survey in the North Sea and English Channel

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300019937 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 407-419

Author(s):

D. W. Haslam ◽

F. A. Pielou

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

Hostile Environment ◽

Trade Routes ◽

The North ◽

Hydrographic Survey ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World ◽

The North Sea ◽

Tidal Streams

Ever since man first ventured to sea, he has needed to know not only where he was in relation to the land but also what dangers lay hidden below the surface, and what courses to steer in order to avoid these unseen dangers so as to arrive safely and speedily at his destination – making due allowances for the effects of tidal streams and currents.Because his sea-maps were working documents, usually exposed to a hostile environment, fewer such old records have survived than is the case with old land maps. Undoubtedly, whilst many early voyages of exploration emanated from Europe, it should not be forgotten that in the – to European eyes – ‘unexplored’ parts of Asia and the Pacific, similar voyages were being made. However, as trade developed between Europe and the rest of the world, hydrographic surveyors from Europe began to record the information needed along the various trade routes.

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Out of the Pacific: a second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica ◽

10.4202/app.00115.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wouter Colpaert ◽

Mark Bosselaers ◽

Olivier Lambert

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

The North ◽

The Pacific ◽

The North Sea

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The Spanish Pastoral Romances

PMLA ◽

10.2307/456209 ◽

1892 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1-119

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

North Sea ◽

Social Condition ◽

Western World ◽

Philip Ii ◽

The North ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Social ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Church

The introduction of the pastoral romance into Spain in the middle of the sixteenth century, and the extreme favor with which it was received, may, in view of the social condition of the country, seem at first sight paradoxical. At the time of the accession of Philip II, Spain was at the zenith of her military greatness: her possessions were scattered from the North Sea to the islands of the Pacific; and her conquests had been extended over both parts of the western world. The constant wars against the Moors, during a period of over seven hundred years, and the stirring ballads founded upon them, had fostered an adventurous and chivalric spirit,—a distinguishing trait of the Spanish character. Arms and the church were the only careers that offered any opportunity for distinction, and every Spanish gentleman was, first of all, a soldier.

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II. Account of levellings carried across the Isthmus of Panamá, to ascertain the relative height of the Pacific Ocean at Panamá and of the Atlantic at the mouth of the river Chagres; accompanied by geographical and topographical notices of the Isthmus

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rstl.1830.0004 ◽

1830 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 59-68

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

North Sea ◽

Relative Height ◽

The North ◽

Isthmus Of Panama ◽

The Pacific ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Good Mathematician

In November 1827 I received a special commission from General Bolivar to make a survey of the Isthmus of Panamá and Darien, in order to ascertain the best and most eligible line for a communication (whether by road or canal) between the two seas. On my arrival in Panamá in March 1828 I was joined by a brother officer of Engineers, a Swede in the Colombian service, a good mathematician and of habits of great correctness in observation. Upon consulting together, we found that we could combine the particular object of the commission with a second object in which we both felt a deep interest, namely, the determination of the relative height of the ocean on either side of the Isthmus; and that we could best accomplish both, by taking a part of the present line of road between Porto Velo and Panamá, until we should fall in with the river Chagres about twenty miles above Cruces, which village is the usual landing-place for all articles of commerce in their transit from the North Sea to Panamá.

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