Antisocial Behavioral Syndromes and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

BackgroundAmong adolescents and young adults with DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are inter-individual differences in the speed of transition from initial alcohol use (AU) to AUD. AUDs are highly co-morbid with other mental disorders. The factors associated with rapid transition from first AU to AUD remain unknown and the role of mental disorders in rapid transitions is unclear. Given this background we examined (1) whether prior anxiety, mood, externalizing and non-alcohol substance use disorders are related to the risk and speed of transition from first AU to DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) whether early age of onset of prior mental disorders (PMDs) is a promoter of rapid transition.MethodA total of 3021 community subjects (97.7% lifetime AU) aged 14–24 years at baseline were followed up prospectively for up to 10 years. AU and mental disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI.ResultsAmong subjects with lifetime AU, several PMDs, such as specific phobia, bipolar disorder and nicotine dependence, were associated with an increased risk of AUD independent of externalizing disorders. Associations of PMDs with the speed of transition to AUDs were mostly weak and inconsistent. Only social phobia and externalizing disorders were associated with faster transitions to AD even after adjustment for other PMDs. Earlier age of onset of PMD was not associated with rapid transition.ConclusionsMental disorders are associated with the risk of AUD. With the possible exception of social phobia and externalizing disorders, they do not promote rapid transition, even if they occur particularly early. Future research needs to identify factors relevant to rapid transition to AUD.

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Psychometric Performance of DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Evidence From an Australian General Population Sample*

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.15288/jsad.2011.72.811 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 811-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Louise Mewton ◽

Maree Teesson ◽

Tim Slade ◽

Linda Cottler

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

General Population ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Population Sample ◽

General Population Sample ◽

Psychometric Performance ◽

Dsm Iv

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Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171000053x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 629-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

K. M. Keyes ◽

R. F. Krueger ◽

B. F. Grant ◽

D. S. Hasin

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Alcohol Disorders ◽

Alcohol Craving ◽

Epidemiologic Survey ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.

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Prevalence of Current DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders in Short-Stay, General Hospital Admissions, United States, 1994

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.163.6.713 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 163 (6) ◽

pp. 713 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Barbara A. Smothers ◽

Harold T. Yahr ◽

Michael D. Sinclair

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

General Hospital ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Short Stay ◽

Dsm Iv

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Mental Health of Protective Services Workers: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1001/dmp.2012.55 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christopher N. Kaufmann ◽

Lainie Rutkow ◽

Adam P. Spira ◽

Ramin Mojtabai

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Early Career ◽

Protective Services ◽

Potentially Traumatic Events ◽

Epidemiologic Survey

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of protective services workers (PSWs), compare it to that of adults in other occupations, and determine if an association exists between trauma exposure and 3-year incident psychiatric disorders in PSWs.MethodsData from the longitudinal US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions waves 1 (fielded 2001-2002) and 2 (fielded 2004-2005) were used to compare the prevalence of mental disorders at baseline in a representative sample of PSWs to that of adults in other occupations. Among PSWs, we also explored the association between recent exposure to potentially traumatic events and the development of mood, anxiety, and alcohol-use disorders over a 3-year follow-up period.ResultsAt baseline, PSWs had a lifetime prevalence of mental and alcohol-use disorders similar to that of adults in other occupations. However, PSWs experienced a greater variety of potentially traumatic events between baseline and follow-up. Exposure to a greater number of different trauma types was associated with increased odds of incident mood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.09-3.22, P = .024), and alcohol-use disorders (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.16-2.91, P = .011). These associations were particularly strong among early career PSWs who joined the profession between waves 1 and 2 (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.26-4.19, P = .008, for mood disorders; AOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.30-4.58, P = .007, for alcohol-use disorders).ConclusionsWhile PSWs do not appear to have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than workers in other occupations, they are more likely to experience multiple types of potentially traumatic events. PSWs who are exposed to multiple types of potentially traumatic events are at increased risk of developing new mental disorders, particularly in the early stages of their careers. Developing curricula in coping skills and providing timely interventions for early career PSWs may help reduce future psychiatric morbidity in these workers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:36-45)

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