scholarly journals C-peptide promotes lesion development in a mouse model of arteriosclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Vasic ◽  
Nikolaus Marx ◽  
Galina Sukhova ◽  
Helga Bach ◽  
Renate Durst ◽  
...  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Marx ◽  
Daniel Walcher

Patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes exhibit an increased propensity to develop a diffuse and extensive pattern of arteriosclerosis. Typically, these patients show increased levels of C-peptide and over the last years various groups examined the effect of C-peptide in vascular cells as well as its potential role in lesion development. While some studies demonstrated beneficial effects of C-peptide, for example, by showing an inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, others suggested proatherogenic mechanisms in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among them, C-peptide may facilitate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into early lesions and promote lesion progression by inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation. The following review will summarize the effects of C-peptide in vascular cells and discuss the potential role of C-peptide in atherogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes.


2012 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Louise Hull ◽  
M. Zahied Johan ◽  
Wendy L. Hodge ◽  
Sarah A. Robertson ◽  
Wendy V. Ingman

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8749
Author(s):  
Vivek Choudhary ◽  
Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar ◽  
Victoria E. Custer ◽  
Rawipan Uaratanawong ◽  
Xunsheng Chen ◽  
...  

Glycerol is used in many skin care products because it improves skin function. Anecdotal reports by patients on the National Psoriasis Foundation website also suggest that glycerol may be helpful for the treatment of psoriasis, although to date no experimental data confirm this idea. Glycerol entry into epidermal keratinocytes is facilitated by aquaglyceroporins like aquaporin-3 (AQP3), and its conversion to phosphatidylglycerol, a lipid messenger that promotes keratinocyte differentiation, requires the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase-D2 (PLD2). To evaluate whether glycerol inhibits inflammation and psoriasiform lesion development in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis, glycerol’s effect on psoriasiform skin lesions was determined in IMQ-treated wild-type and PLD2 knockout mice, with glycerol provided either in drinking water or applied topically. Psoriasis area and severity index, ear thickness and ear biopsy weight, epidermal thickness, and inflammatory markers were quantified. Topical and oral glycerol ameliorated psoriasiform lesion development in wild-type mice. Topical glycerol appeared to act as an emollient to induce beneficial effects, since even in PLD2 knockout mice topical glycerol application improved skin lesions. In contrast, the beneficial effects of oral glycerol required PLD2, with no improvement in psoriasiform lesions observed in PLD2 knockout mice. Our findings suggest that the ability of oral glycerol to improve psoriasiform lesions requires its PLD2-mediated conversion to phosphatidylglycerol, consistent with our previous report that phosphatidylglycerol itself improves psoriasiform lesions in this model. Our data also support anecdotal evidence that glycerol can ameliorate psoriasis symptoms and therefore might be a useful therapy alone or in conjunction with other treatments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Fang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Huan-Huan Song ◽  
Yi-Fan Zhou ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wennberg ◽  
B. Sundberg ◽  
K. Ekdahl-Nilsson ◽  
O. Korsgren

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kokuba ◽  
L Aurelian ◽  
AR Neurath

The spread of sexually transmitted infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has continued unabated despite educational efforts generated in response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Given the absence of effective vaccines, this indicates the need to develop prophylactic measures such as topical antiviral agents. Chemical modification of bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3HP) led to the generation of a potent HIV-1 inhibitor designated 3HP-β-LG. This agent was shown to also have antiviral activity against HSV-2 and HSV-1 in vitro. Recent studies indicate that 3HP-β-LG binds to HSV-1 virions, which, at least in part, involves the viral glycoprotein gE. Here we show that 3HP-β-LG inhibits HSV-2 infection in the mouse model of genital HSV-2 infection. Simultaneous exposure to HSV-2 and 3HP-β-LG caused a significant decrease in the proportion of infected animals (27% virus shedding, 5% lesion development and 0% fatality for 3HP-β-LG as compared to 80% shedding, 60% lesion development and 53% fatality in micetreated with PBS). The proportion of animals with HSV-2 infection after treatment with β-LG was similar to that in the PBS-treated group. Pretreatment with 3HP-β-LG formulated in a gel, which prolongs the presence of the agent in the vagina, also significantly reduced the proportion of HSV-2-infected mice (5% virus shedding, 5% lesion development and 0% fatality for 3HP-β-LG as compared to 70% shedding, 60% lesion development and 40% fatality in vehicle-treated mice). These differences were significant ( P≤0.0005, 0.002 and 0.008 for shedding, lesion development and fatality, respectively). Virus titres in the minority of mice that developed infection were similar to those in untreated mice. HSV-2 infection was not inhibited by treatment of an ongoing infection, indicating that 3HP-β-LG interferes with the initial infection. These data suggest that 3HP-β-LG may be an efficacious agent for preventing vaginal transmission of genital herpesvirus infections.


2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1910-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta P. Mayer ◽  
Cheryl A. Dyer ◽  
Rebecca L. Eastgard ◽  
Patricia B. Hoyer ◽  
Carole L. Banka

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