Impact of implant surface topography: a clinical study with a mean functional loading time of 85 months

BACKGROUND . A variety of claims are made regarding the effects of surface topography on implant osseointegration. The development of implant surfaces topography has been empirical, requiring numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Most of these tests were not standardized, using different surfaces, cell populations or animal models. The exact role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events of the osseointegration of dental implants remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This review considers the major claims made concerning the effects of titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration. The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Important findings of consensus are highlighted, and existing controversies are revealed. METHODS This review considers many of the research publications listed in MEDLINE and presented in biomedical research publications and textbooks. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting acid-etching,alkaline etching, anodization,polymer demixing ,sol gel conversion and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. RESULTS Many in vitro evaluations are not predictive of or correlated with in vivo outcomes. In some culture models, increased surface topography positively affects pro-osteogenic cellular activities. Many studies reveal increase in bone-to-implant contact,with increased surface topography modifications on implant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Increased implant surface topography improves the bone-to-implant contact and the mechanical properties of the enhanced interface.

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Critical Role of Etching Parameters in the Evolution of Nano Micro SLA Surface on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Dental Implants

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6344

Author(s):

Pankaj Chauhan ◽

Veena Koul ◽

Naresh Bhatnagar

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Ti6al4v Alloy ◽

Alloy Surface ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

Etching Parameters ◽

Cp Ti

The surface of dental implants plays a vital role in early and more predictable osseointegration. SLA (sandblasted large grit and acid-etched) represents the most widely accepted, long-term clinically proven surface. Primarily, dental implants are manufactured by either commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) or Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. The acid etch behavior of CP-Ti is well known and its effects on the surface microstructure and physicochemical properties have been studied by various researchers in the past. However, there is a lack of studies showing the effect of acid etching parameters on the Ti6Al4V alloy surface. The requirement of the narrow diameter implants necessitates implant manufacturing from alloys due to their high mechanical properties. Hence, it is necessary to have an insight on the behavior of acid etching of the alloy surface as it might be different due to changed compositions and microstructure, which can further influence the osseointegration process. The present research was carried out to study the effect of acid etching parameters on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy surface properties and the optimization of process parameters to produce micro- and nanotopography on the dental implant surface. This study shows that the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy depicts an entirely different surface topography compared to CP-Ti. Moreover, the surface topography of the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy was also different when etching was done at room temperature compared to high temperature, which in turn affected the behavior of the cell on these surfaces. Both microns and nano-level topography were achieved through the optimized parameters of acid etching on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy dental implant surface along with improved roughness, hydrophilicity, and enhanced cytocompatibility.

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The functional loading of implants increases their stability: A retrospective clinical study

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research ◽

10.1111/cid.12702 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aritza Brizuela‐Velasco ◽

David Chávarri‐Prado

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Retrospective Clinical Study ◽

Functional Loading

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Biomedical Implant Surface Topography and Its Effects on Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro

Bio-Implant Interface ◽

10.1201/9780203491430.ch8 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Galen Schneider ◽

Ronald Midura ◽

Hiran Perinpanayagam ◽

Clark Stanford ◽

John Keller

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Osteoblast Differentiation ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Biomedical Implant

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Classification and Effects of Implant Surface Modification on the Bone: Human Cell–Based In Vitro Studies

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 58-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Miriam Ting ◽

Steven R. Jefferies ◽

Wei Xia ◽

Håkan Engqvist ◽

Jon B. Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Human Cell ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Functional Loading

Implant surfaces are continuously being improved to achieve faster osseointegration and a stronger bone to implant interface. This review will present the various implant surfaces, the parameters for implant surface characterization, and the corresponding in vitro human cell–based studies determining the strength and quality of the bone-implant contact. These in vitro cell-based studies are the basis for animal and clinical studies and are the prelude to further reviews on how these surfaces would perform when subjected to the oral environment and functional loading.

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