Topographic mapping of brain potentials in the newborn infant: the establishment of normal values and utility in assessing infants with neurological injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Mandelbaum ◽  
N Krawciw ◽  
E Assing ◽  
B Ostfeld ◽  
D Washburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Topographic Mapping ◽  
Brain Potentials

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
JAMES G. HUGHES ◽  
BILLIE CAMP DAVIS ◽  
MARJORIE LEAK BRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Electric Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Main Frequency ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
The Brain

A report is given concerning normal electroencephalographic patterns of premature infants in the first days of life. Thirty-one EEGs on 22 premature babies constitute the basis of the report. Three main frequency bands were noted: waves of 2.5 to 4/sec. which usually appeared singly at amplitudes of 45 to 80 microvolts; waves of 5 to 7/sec. occurring in episodes of 1 to 1½ sec. at 25 to 40 microvolts; and frequencies of 11 to 15 cycles/sec. which appeared in episodes of 3/5 to 2½ sec. at amplitudes of 10 to 20 microvolts. The 11 to 15 cycle waves appeared more consistently than did the other frequencies observed, and were usually more prominent in the frontal region. These findings indicate that in premature infants cortical electric activity from the frontal region is more well developed in regard to frequency, amplitude and rhythm than are the brain potentials from other areas of the cortex. This observation is contradictory to what would be expected from a consideration of the embryonic maturation of the human cortex.

HYPERMAGNESEMIA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-862
Author(s):  
Philip J. Lipsitz ◽  
Inman C. English
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fetal Serum

This report describes 16 cases of hypermagnesemia in neonates of toxemic mothers treated with MgSo4 only. The maternal and fetal serum levels of magnesium were greater than the normal values given in the literature and in our studies. The clinical manifestations in the newborn are similar to adults with hypermagnesemia. Awareness of this problem will help in the management of these infants.

Sternum Length, Torso Length, and Internipple Distance in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-525
Author(s):  
Yakov Sivan ◽  
Paul Merlob ◽  
Salomon H. Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sternum Length

In order to define standards for sternal length, torso length, and internipple distance in the newborn infant, 198 term and preterm infants (27 to 41 gestational weeks) were examined. In every case, the gestational age was determined chronologically and clinically. Sternal and torso length and internipple distance were measured by two observers using standard measurement techniques. Normal values are presented by plotting the mean ±2 SD for each gestational week v the gestational age.

Skipping Breakfast Affects the Early Steps of Cognitive Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Andrés Antonio González-Garrido ◽  
Jacobo José Brofman-Epelbaum ◽  
Fabiola Reveca Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
Sebastián Agustín Balart-Sánchez ◽  
Julieta Ramos-Loyo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract. It has been generally accepted that skipping breakfast adversely affects cognition, mainly disturbing the attentional processes. However, the effects of short-term fasting upon brain functioning are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on cognitive processing by studying the electrical brain activity of young healthy individuals while performing several working memory tasks. Accordingly, the behavioral results and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy university students (10 males) were obtained and compared through analysis of variances (ANOVAs), during the performance of three n-back working memory (WM) tasks in two morning sessions on both normal (after breakfast) and 12-hour fasting conditions. Significantly fewer correct responses were achieved during fasting, mainly affecting the higher WM load task. In addition, there were prolonged reaction times with increased task difficulty, regardless of breakfast intake. ERP showed a significant voltage decrement for N200 and P300 during fasting, while the amplitude of P200 notably increased. The results suggest skipping breakfast disturbs earlier cognitive processing steps, particularly attention allocation, early decoding in working memory, and stimulus evaluation, and this effect increases with task difficulty.

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